Ämnesområden

This document specifies ergonomic, technical and safety requirements for wall-mounted and free-standing writing boards, white projecting boards, interactive systems and interactive screens for use in rooms for educational and training purposes, e.g. classrooms, lecture theatres for schools, universities, etc.

This document applies is applicable to units after installation. Safety depending on the structure of the building is not included, e.g. the strength of wall-mounted boards includes only the board and its parts. The wall and the wall attachment are not included.

This document does not apply to technical aspects of connected hardware, such as computers, speakers, video cameras.

Requirements concerning electrical safety are not included.

Annex A (normative) Assessment scale for the ability to write – Five levels chalk scale

Annex B (normative) Test methods and requirements for white projecting boards Annex C (informative) Additional test methods and requirements for white projecting boards Annex D (normative) Test methods and requirements for interactive systems Annex E (informative) Additional test methods and requirements for interactive systems

Annex F (normative) Test methods and requirements for interactive screens

Annex G (informative) Additional test methods and requirements for interactive screens

Annex H (normative) Surface flatness test

Annex I (informative) Vibration test

This European Standard specifies performance requirements, validation methods and provides general instructions on the use of diffusive samplers for the determination of the concentration of gases in ambient air.

This standard applies to all stages of the measuring procedure, including preparation, deployment, transportation and storage. It includes general principles applicable to diffusive sampling and analysis. It enables manufacturers and users to adopt a consistent approach to sampler validation and provides a framework for the assessment of sampler performance.

1.1 Scope of EN 1991-1-8

(1) EN 1991-1-8 gives principles and rules to determine the values of wave and current actions on structures and civil engineering works in the coastal zone, i.e. works connected to, or in close vicinity to the shore.

NOTE 1 Provisions in EN 1991-1-8 are limited to hydrodynamic actions that can be directly quantified in terms of wave and/or current induced pressures and associated forces and moments on structures or structural parts.

NOTE 2 As opposed to offshore conditions, waves or currents in the coastal zone are generally affected by the presence of the seabed or shore.

NOTE 3 The coastal zone is typically defined as the area between the shoreline and the deep-water limit.

(2) EN 1991-1-8 describes the principles for defining the hydrodynamic conditions to be used for design, including sea water levels. (3) EN 1991-1-8 addresses specifically actions from currents and waves on the following structure types:

— cylindrical structures;

— subsea pipelines;

— suspended decks;

— vertical face structures;

— permanently moored floating structures.

NOTE 1 Additional guidance can be needed for:

— moored structures in the coastal zone for renewable energy production or related to oil and gas production or processing;

— moored structures spanning areas with variable wave and current states (e.g. floating aquaculture farms or floating bridges).

NOTE 2 For hydraulic pressures caused by quasi-static water levels, and ground water, see EN 1997 (all parts).

(4) Actions addressed in EN 1991-1-8 do not cover:

— hydraulic resonance in sheltered areas or basins (phenomena also known as harbour resonance);

— translation waves, e.g. tsunamis;

— waves and currents induced by maritime operations, i.e. vessel wake, berthing and mooring;

— hydrodynamic actions induced by earthquakes;

— ice-induced pressures and forces;

— coastal structures where flood risk and/or erosion or sediment management is the dominant function.

1.2 Assumptions

(1) The assumptions given in EN 1990 apply to this document.

(2) In addition, it is assumed that actions from waves and currents on coastal structures are determined by personnel appropriately qualified and experienced in the following fields:

a) physical coastal environment including physics of waves and currents, statistical properties and propagation of such;

b) marine hydrodynamics, wave and current interaction with structures in general and wave and current actions on structures in the coastal zone including i) fixed structures, and ii) floating structures;

c) advanced methods including probabilistic methodology and physical model testing.

1.1 Scope of prEN 1991-1-6

(1) prEN 1991-1-6 provides guidance and general rules on the determination of actions relevant for the design of buildings and civil engineering works, including geotechnical structures, for their execution stage.

NOTE Actions for design during execution include those that only arise from execution activities and act during execution, termed construction actions (for example personnel and hand tools, auxiliary structures, equipment and elements used during execution), and others that are present during the service life of the completed structure (for example self-weight, wind, etc.) but which can act differently and/or have different values during execution.

(2) prEN 1991-1-6 provides guidance and general rules for the determination of actions for the design of auxiliary structures, elements and equipment used during execution in case they are designed to the Eurocodes and not to other European Standards.

NOTE Other European Standards (e.g. EN 12810, EN 12811, EN 12812) provide specific rules for certain types of auxiliary structures, equipment and elements used during execution.

(3) prEN 1991-1-6 gives rules for buildings and bridges during execution to supplement the provisions in EN 1990.

NOTE For combination rules for execution, see EN 1990.

1.2 Assumptions

(1) The general assumptions given in EN 1990 apply.

(2) The application of this document follows the limit state principle and is based on the partial factor method, unless explicitly prescribed differently.

(3) The verification of buildings and civil engineering structures in transient design situations is undertaken in accordance with the Eurocodes, accounting for the interaction with any auxiliary structures, elements and/or equipment.

(4) When using European product standards covering auxiliary structures, equipment and elements used during execution, it is assumed that the design basis, design requirements and, if provided, the safety and operational design limits specified in these product standards are taken into account.

(5) Adequate planning, documentation, communication, control and supervision are provided during execution, involving all relevant parties. NOTE Execution of a structure can involve interaction between several parties from diverse engineering fields, responsible for the design, fabrication, transportation and execution of different subsystems used during the execution of a structure.

1.1 Scope of EN 1991-3

(1) EN 1991-3 defines actions imposed by cranes and other machines including dynamic effects, if relevant, for the structural design of crane or machine supporting structures.

(2) EN 1991-3 provides guidance on crane classification in terms of dynamic factors and fatigue actions.

(3) EN 1991-3 applies to supporting structures of

— bridge cranes, gantry cranes and wall cranes travelling on fixed runways;

— fixed machines that cause a harmonic dynamic loading on fixed supporting structures.

(4) The principles provided in EN 1991-3 can be applied also to determine actions on supporting structures of cranes other than those referred to in (3).

(5) EN 1991-3 does not provide partial factors for actions.

NOTE For partial factors for actions, see EN 1990-1:2023+A1:2026, Clause A.5.

(6) EN 1991-3 does not provide actions or provisions for the design of cranes and machines.

1.2 Assumptions

(1) The general assumptions of EN 1990-1 apply.

(2) The design of structures supporting cranes or machines is undertaken using information on actions provided by the manufacturer of the crane or machine.

1.1 Scope of EN 1991-4

(1) This document provides rules for calculating actions for the structural design of silos and tanks.

NOTE 1 Silos are used for the storage of particulate solids. Tanks are used for the storage of liquids.

NOTE 2 For limitations on rules for silos given in this document, see 1.3.

NOTE 3 For limitations on rules for tanks given in this document, see 1.4.

(2) This document includes some provisions for actions on silo and tank structures that are not only associated with the stored particulate solids or liquids (e.g. the effects of thermal differentials) but substantially affected by them.

NOTE Liquid loads on tanks are very precisely defined. Many loads on silos are not known with great precision. This document provides guidance for many practical situations for which very limited certain knowledge is available, and the information is derived from the limited experimental and analytical information available, coupled with conclusions drawn from failure investigations. The information is not based on a sound statistical treatment of experimental data.

(3) This document is intended for use with concrete, steel, aluminium, timber and FRP storage structures.

NOTE FRP is the standard acronym for fibre reinforced polymer materials.

(4) This document is also applicable for the structural assessment of existing silos and tanks, unless otherwise specified by the relevant authority or, if not specified, agreed between the relevant parties for the specific project.

NOTE 1 Changes in filling or discharge arrangements, changes in the wall friction of inner surfaces, or in the use of the silo, including storage of different particulate solids, can be reasons for assessing existing silos.

NOTE 2 Differentiation of the liquid stored can be a reason for assessing existing tanks.

1.2 Assumptions

(1) The assumptions of EN 1990-1 apply.

(2) This document is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990-1, with the other parts of EN 1991, EN 1992, EN 1993, EN 1995, EN 1997, EN 1998 and EN 1999 where relevant to the design of silos and tanks.

This document specifies the in-vehicle information (IVI) data structures that are required by different intelligent transport system (ITS) services for exchanging information between ITS stations (ITS-S). A general, extensible data structure is specified, which is split into structures called containers to accommodate current-day information. Transmitted information includes IVI such as contextual speed, road works warnings, vehicle restrictions, lane restrictions, road hazard warnings, location-based services and re-routing. The information in the containers is organized in sub-structures called data frames and data elements, which are described in terms of their content and syntax. The data structures are specified as communications-agnostic. This document does not provide the communication protocols. This document provides scenarios for usage of the data structure, e.g. in case of real time, short-range communications.

This document specifies an inspection procedure to be used by the purchaser where no prior agreement exists. It also specifies a reference acceptance procedure for acceptance or rejection of an inspection lot, when no agreement can be reached between the purchaser and the supplier, or where conformance to specification is disputed. It applies to inspection lots of bolts, screws, studs, nuts, pins, washers, rivets and other related fasteners. This document applies to fasteners not intended for high volume machine assembly, special-purpose applications or specially engineered applications requiring more advanced in-process control and lot traceability. For in-process control or final inspection by the manufacture and sorting, see ISO 16426.

This document specifies:

—   the interfaces between electronic fee collection (EFC) back-office systems for vehicle-related transport services, e.g. road user charging, parking and access control;

—   an exchange of information between the back-office system of the two roles of service provision and toll charging, e.g.:

—  charging-related data (toll declarations, billing details, payment claims, payment announcements),

—  administrative data (trust objects, EFC context data, etc.), and

—  confirmation data;

—   transfer mechanisms and supporting functions;

—   information objects, data syntax and semantics.

This document is applicable for any vehicle-related toll service and any technology used for charging.

The data types and associated coding related to the data elements described in Clause 6 are specified in Annex A, using the abstract syntax notation one (ASN.1) according to ISO/IEC 8824-1.

This document specifies basic protocol mechanisms over which implementations can specify and perform complex transfers (transactions).

This document does not specify, amongst others:

—   any communication between TC or TSP with any other involved party;

—   any communication between elements of the TC and the TSP that is not part of the back-office communication;

—   interfaces for EFC systems for public transport;

—   any complex transfers (transactions), i.e. sequences of inter-related ADUs that can possibly involve several APDU exchanges;

—   processes regarding payments and exchanges of fiscal, commercial or legal accounting documents;

—   definitions of service communication channels, protocols and service primitives to transfer the APDU.

Amendment

1  Scope

Replace the last paragraph with the following text (in which “any complex transfers (transactions), i.e. 

sequences of inter-related ADUs that can possibly involve several APDU exchanges has been removed”):

This document does not specify, amongst others:

— any communication between TC or TSP with any other involved party;

— any communication between elements of the TC and the TSP that is not part of the back-office 

communication;

— interfaces for EFC systems for public transport;

— processes regarding payments and exchanges of fiscal, commercial or legal accounting documents;

— definitions of service communication channels, protocols and service primitives to transfer the APDU.

Warning — Persons using this document should be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of any other restrictions.

Warning — It is absolutely essential that tests conducted according to this document be carried out by suitably trained staff.

This document specifies methods to determine 90Sr and 89Sr by liquid scintillation counting (LSC) or proportional counting (PC) in supply water, drinking water, rainwater, surface and ground water, marine water, as well as cooling water, industrial water, domestic, and industrial wastewater after proper sampling, handling and test sample preparation. The detection limit depends on the sample volume, the instrument used, the sample counting time, the background count rate, the detection efficiency and the chemical yield. The method described in this document, using currently available LSC and PC instruments, has a detection limit of approximately 2 mBq·l-1 and 10 mBq·l-1 for 90Sr and 89Sr, respectively, for a volume of 2 l and a measuring time of 60 000 s, which is lower than the WHO criteria for safe consumption of drinking water (100 Bq·l-1 for 89Sr and 10 Bq·l-1 for 90Sr)[4]. The methods described in this document are applicable in the event of an emergency situation. When contamination contains fresh fission products, the contribution of 89Sr to the total amount of radioactive Sr is not negligible. This document provides test methods to determine the activity concentration of 90Sr in presence of 89Sr, and to determine the activity concentration of 90Sr in large volume of water sample (>50 L). The analysis of 90Sr and 89Sr adsorbed to suspended matter is not covered by this method. Filtration of the test sample and a chemical separation are required to separate and purify Sr from a test portion of the sample as the analysis of 90Sr and 89Sr adsorbed to suspended matter is not covered by this method. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method selected for the water samples tested.

Post-fire data collection for large outdoor fires will be reviewed based on available studies conducted for wildland-urban interface fires, urban fires, including post-earthquake urban fires, and informal settlement fires. These studies will be used to develop a standardized data collection methodology for large outdoor fires that may be used in the event of future large outdoor fire disasters. A standardized approach, at the international level, will is required to be able to assess and compare fire spread and damage across all these large outdoor fire types.

This document specifies methodologies for measuring the performance of AI models for classification, regression, clustering and recommendation tasks.

This document provides terminology, concepts, requirements, and guidance for humanoversight of AI systems. It is primarily intended for organizations placing on the market or putting into service AI systems and is not specific to any particular sector;