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This document gives guidance on the operating conditions for counting the total number of somatic cells, in both raw and chemically preserved milk, using flow cytometers. The guidance is applicable to the counting of somatic cells in raw cow milk. The guidance is also applicable to raw milk of other species, such as goat, sheep and buffalo, if the specified prerequisites are met.

This document specifies a microscopic method (reference method) for the counting of somatic cells in both raw and chemically preserved milk. This document is applicable for the counting of somatic cells in cows' milk, provided that the eventually mentioned prerequisites are met. This method is suitable for preparing standard test samples and determining reference method values that are required for calibrating mechanized and automated cell-counting methods.

This document specifies safety requirements and the means for their verification for driverless industrial trucks (hereafter referred to as trucks) and their systems. Examples of driverless industrial trucks (trucks as defined in ISO 5053‑1:2020) include: “automated guided vehicle”, “autonomous mobile robot”, “bots”, “automated guided cart”, “tunnel tugger”, “under cart”, etc. This document is also applicable to driverless industrial trucks which are provided with: —   automatic modes which either require operators’ action(s) to initiate or enable such automatic operations; —   the capability to transport one or more riders (which are neither considered as drivers nor as operators); —   additional manual modes which allow operators to operate the truck manually; or —   a maintenance mode which allows manual operation of truck functions for maintenance reasons. This document is not applicable to trucks solely guided by mechanical means (rails, guides, etc.) or to remotely-controlled trucks, which are not considered to be driverless trucks. For the purposes of this document, a driverless industrial truck is a powered truck, which is designed to operate automatically. A driverless truck system comprises the control system, which can be part of the truck and/or separate from it, guidance means and power system. Requirements for power sources are not covered in this document. The condition of the operating zone has a significant effect on the safe operation of the driverless industrial truck. The preparations of the operating zone to eliminate the associated hazards are specified in Annex A. This document is applicable to all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events during all phases of the life of the truck (ISO 12100:2010, 5.4), as listed in Annex B, relevant to the applicable machines when it is used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. In particular, this document does not apply to significant hazards related to: —   noise; —   vibrations; —   ionising and non-ionising radiation; —   laser radiation; —   sales literature (commercial documents); —   declaration of vibrations transmitted by mobile machinery. It does not apply to additional hazards that can occur: —   during operation in severe conditions (e.g. extreme climates, freezer applications, strong magnetic fields); —   during operation in nuclear environments; —   from trucks intended to operate in public zones (see in particular ISO 13482:2014); —   during operation on a public road; —   during operation in potentially explosive environments; —   during operation in military applications; —   during operation with specific hygienic requirements; —   during operation in ionizing radiation environments; —   during the transportation of (a) person(s) other than (the) intended rider(s); —   when handling loads the nature of which can lead to dangerous situations (e.g. molten metals, acids/bases, radiating materials); —   for rider positions with elevation function higher than 1 200 mm from the floor/ground to the platform floor. This document does not contain safety requirements for trailer(s) being towed behind a truck. This document does not contain safety requirements for elevated operator trucks. This document does not apply to trucks manufactured before the date of its publication.

This document specifies fundamental parameters of computed radiography (CR) systems with the aim of enabling satisfactory and repeatable results to be obtained economically. The techniques are based both on fundamental theory and test measurements. This document specifies the performance of CR systems and the measurement of the corresponding parameters for the system scanner and storage phosphor imaging plate (IP). CR system classes are defined in combination with specified metal screens for industrial radiography. This document ensures that the quality of the images, as far as they are influenced by the scanner IP system, complies with the requirements of ISO 16371-2. This document considers the requirements for film radiography specified in ISO 11699-1. This document specifies system tests at different levels. More complex manufacturer tests are described, which allow the determination of precise system parameters to characterize the performance of CR systems from different suppliers and make them comparable for users. Simpler tests are also described, which are designed for fast tests of the quality of CR systems and long-term stability monitoring by the user.

ISO 22882:2016 specifies the technical requirements, the appropriate dimensions and the requirements for the testing of swivel castors for hospital beds with a wheel diameter of 100 mm or more and which have a central locking device. Swivel castors may be used with the main principal dimensions.

ISO 45001:2018 specifies requirements for an occupational health and safety (OH&S) management system, and gives guidance for its use, to enable organizations to provide safe and healthy workplaces by preventing work-related injury and ill health, as well as by proactively improving its OH&S performance.

ISO 45001:2018 is applicable to any organization that wishes to establish, implement and maintain an OH&S management system to improve occupational health and safety, eliminate hazards and minimize OH&S risks (including system deficiencies), take advantage of OH&S opportunities, and address OH&S management system nonconformities associated with its activities.

ISO 45001:2018 helps an organization to achieve the intended outcomes of its OH&S management system. Consistent with the organization's OH&S policy, the intended outcomes of an OH&S management system include:

a) continual improvement of OH&S performance;

b) fulfilment of legal requirements and other requirements;

c) achievement of OH&S objectives.

ISO 45001:2018 is applicable to any organization regardless of its size, type and activities. It is applicable to the OH&S risks under the organization's control, taking into account factors such as the context in which the organization operates and the needs and expectations of its workers and other interested parties.

ISO 45001:2018 does not state specific criteria for OH&S performance, nor is it prescriptive about the design of an OH&S management system. ISO 45001:2018 enables an organization, through its OH&S management system, to integrate other aspects of health and safety, such as worker wellness/wellbeing.

ISO 45001:2018 does not address issues such as product safety, property damage or environmental impacts, beyond the risks to workers and other relevant interested parties. ISO 45001:2018 can be used in whole or in part to systematically improve occupational health and safety management. However, claims of conformity to this document are not acceptable unless all its requirements are incorporated into an organization's OH&S management system and fulfilled without exclusion.

1.1 Scope of EN 1991 1 2

(1) The methods given in this Eurocode are applicable to buildings and civil engineering works, with a fire load related to the building and its occupancy.

(2) EN 1991 1 2 deals with thermal and mechanical actions on structures exposed to fire. It is intended to be used in conjunction with the fire design Parts of EN 1992 to EN 1996 and EN 1999 which give rules for designing structures for fire resistance.

(3) EN 1991 1 2 contains thermal actions either nominal or physically based. More data and models for physically based thermal actions are given in annexes.

(4) EN 1991 1 2 does not cover the assessment of the damage of a structure after a fire.

(5) EN 1991 1 2 does not cover supplementary requirements concerning, for example:

- the possible installation and maintenance of sprinkler systems;

- conditions on occupancy of building or fire compartment;

- the use of approved insulation and coating materials, including their maintenance.

1.2 Assumptions

(1) In addition to the general assumptions of EN 1990 the following assumptions apply:

- the choice of the relevant design fire scenario is made by appropriate qualified and experienced personnel, or is given by the relevant national regulation;

- any fire protection measure taken into account in the design will be adequately maintained. 

(1) This document defines imposed loads (models and representative values) associated with road traffic, pedestrian actions and rail traffic which include, when relevant, dynamic effects and centrifugal, braking and acceleration actions and actions for accidental design situations.

(2) The imposed loads defined in this document are applicable for the design of new bridges, including decks, piers, abutments and associated walls (e.g. upstand walls, wing walls and flank walls) and their foundations. These imposed loads can also be used for the design of other structures subject to traffic loads (e.g. road tunnel floor slabs, noise barriers and their foundations). Where appropriate, the loads can also be considered as a basis for assessment or modification of existing structures in combination with complementary conditions if necessary.

(3) The load models and values given in this document are also applicable for the design of retaining walls adjacent to roads and railway lines and the design of earthworks subject to road or rail traffic actions. This document also provides applicability conditions for specific load models.

(4) This document is intended to be used with EN 1990, the other parts of the EN 1991 series and the EN 1992 series to EN 1999 series for the design of structures. 

1.1 Scope of EN 1997‑1

(1) This document provides general rules for the design and vérification of geotechnical structures.

(2) This document is applicable for the design and vérification of geotechnical structures outside the scope of EN 1997‑3.

NOTE In this case, additional or amended provisions can be necessary.

1.2 Assumptions

1) In addition to the assumptions given in EN 1990, the provisions of EN 1997 (all parts) assume that:

— ground investigations are planned by individuals or organisations with knowledge of potential ground and groundwater conditions;

— ground investigations are executed by individuals with appropriate skills and experience;

— the evaluation of test results and derivation of ground properties from the ground investigation are carried out by individuals with appropriate geotechnical experience and qualifications;

— the data required for design are collected, recorded, and interpreted by appropriately qualifiéd and experienced individuals;

— geotechnical structures are designed and vérifiéd by individuals with appropriate qualifications and experience in geotechnical design;

— adequate continuity and communication exist between the individuals involved in data collection, design, vérification and execution.

(2) This document is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990, which establishes principles and requirements for the safety, serviceability, robustness, and durability of structures, including geotechnical structures, and other construction works.

NOTE Additional or amended provisions can be necessary for assessment of existing structures, see EN 1990‑2.

(3) This document is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1997‑2, which gives provisions for determining ground properties from ground investigations.

(4) This document is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1997‑3, which gives spécific rules for the design and vérification of certain types of geotechnical structures.

(5) This document is intended to be used in conjunction with other Eurocodes for the design of geotechnical structures, including temporary geotechnical structures.

1.1 Scope of EN 1997-2

(1) This document provides rules for determining ground properties for the design and verification of geotechnical structures.

(2) This document covers requirements and guidance for planning ground investigations, collecting information about ground properties and groundwater conditions, and preparation of the Ground Model.

(3) This document covers requirements and guidance for the selection of field investigation and laboratory test methods to obtain derived values of ground properties.

(4) This document covers requirements and guidance on the presentation of the results of ground investigation, including derived values of ground properties, in the Ground Investigation Report.

1.2 Assumptions

(1) The provisions in EN 1997-2 are based on the assumptions given in EN 1990 and EN 1997-1.

(2) This document is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1997-1, which provides general rules for design and verification of all geotechnical structures.

(3) This document is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1997-3, which provides specific rules for design and verification of certain types of geotechnical structures.

(4) This document is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1998-1-1 which provides the requirements for the ground properties needed to define the seismic action.

(5) This document is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1998-5 which provides rules for the design of geotechnical structures in seismic regions. 

1.1 Scope of EN 1997-3

(1) This document provides specific rules to be applied in the design and verification of geotechnical structures.

1.2 Assumptions

(1) This document is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990, which establishes principles and requirements for the safety, serviceability, robustness, and durability of structures, including geotechnical structures, and other construction works.

NOTE Additional or amended provisions can be necessary for assessment of existing structures, see prEN 1990-2.

(2) This document is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1997-1, which provides general rules for the design and verification of geotechnical structures.

(3) This document is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1997-2, which gives provisions for determining ground properties from ground investigations.

(4) This document is intended to be used in conjunction with the other Eurocodes for the design of geotechnical structures, including temporary geotechnical structures. 

1.1 Scope of EN 1998-3

(1) This document is applicable to the assessment and retrofitting of buildings and bridges in seismic regions, namely as given in a) to c):

a) to provide criteria for the assessment of the seismic performance of existing individual buildings and bridges;

b) to describe the procedure to be followed in selecting necessary corrective measures;

c) to set forth criteria for the design of retrofitting measures (i.e. design, structural analysis including intervention measures, final dimensioning of structural parts and their connections to existing structural members).

NOTE 1 For the purposes of this document, retrofitting covers both the seismic upgrading (e.g. strengthening or adding a passive system) of undamaged structures and the repair and possible upgrading of earthquake-damaged structures.

NOTE 2 Only the most common retrofit techniques are covered in this document. This does not exclude the use of other techniques, which can be developed in each country, based on the strengthening principles of this document.

NOTE 3 Annex D gives flowcharts for the application of this document.

(2) Unless specifically stated, EN 1998-1-1 and EN 1998-5 apply.

(3) Reflecting the performance requirements of EN 1998-1-1:2024, 4.1, this document covers the seismic assessment and retrofitting of buildings and bridges made of the more commonly used structural materials: concrete, steel and composite, timber and masonry.

NOTE Annexes B and C contain additional guidance related to the assessment of timber and masonry structures, respectively, and to their retrofitting when necessary.

(4) This document is intended for the assessment of individual structures, to decide on the need for structural intervention and to design the retrofitting measures that may be necessary. It is not intended for the vulnerability assessment of populations or groups of structures in seismic risk evaluations for various purposes (e.g. for determining insurance risk, for setting risk mitigation priorities, etc.).

(5) This document provides (in its material-specific Clauses 8 to 11) criteria for the verification of the more common retrofitting techniques currently in use.

(6) This document gives specific rules for the assessment and retrofitting relevant to existing buildings and bridges of consequence classes CC1, CC2 and CC3, as defined in EN 1990:2023, 4.3.

(7) Although the provisions of this document are applicable to all common categories of buildings and bridges, the seismic assessment and retrofitting of monuments and heritage structures often requires different types of provisions and approaches, depending on the nature of the monuments and heritage structures. 

1.1 Scope of EN 1998-4

(1) This document is applicable to the seismic design of on-ground and elevated silos, on-ground, elevated and underground tanks, above-ground and buried pipeline systems, towers, masts and chimneys and ancillary elements attached to these structures or in industrial facilities.

(2) Unless specifically stated, EN 1998-1-1 and EN 1998-5 apply.

(3) EN 1998-4 is applicable in complement to the other relevant Eurocodes.

NOTE This document contains only those provisions that, in addition to the provisions of the other relevant Eurocodes, are used for the design of new structures, as listed in (1), in seismic regions. EN 1998-4 complements in this respect the other Eurocodes.

1.2 Assumptions

(1) The assumptions of EN 1998-1-1 apply to this document.

(2) It is assumed that the changes in a) and b) will not take place during the construction phase or during the subsequent life span for all structures covered by EN 1998-4, unless proper justification and verification is provided:

a) substantial changes in the structural systems, supporting structures or attached ancillary elements listed in 1.1(1);

b) substantial changes of masses or mass distribution. This includes, in particular, changes in production, such as specific changes of filling loads, filling states and ancillary elements.

ISO 13164-2:2013 specifies a test method for the determination of radon-222 activity concentration in a sample of water following the measurement of its short-lived decay products by direct gamma-spectrometry of the water sample. The radon-222 activity concentrations, which can be measured by this test method utilizing currently available gamma-ray instruments, range from a few becquerels per litre to several hundred thousand becquerels per litre for a 1 l test sample. This test method can be used successfully with drinking water samples. The laboratory is responsible for ensuring the validity of this test method for water samples of untested matrices. An annex gives indications on the necessary counting conditions to meet the required sensitivity for drinking water monitoring.

Detta dokument ger en metod för bestämning av:

biologisk nedbrytningsgrad efter anaerob rötning under 30 dagar (mesofil temperatur) eller 23 dagar (termofil temperatur)

maximal biologisk nedbrytningsgrad under anaeroba förhållanden vid mesofil eller termofil temperatur i max 90 dagar

sönderdelningsgrad efter samma provningstider som ovan, vilket är ett mått på den mängd provningsmaterial som antingen brutits ner biologisk eller sönderfallit på annat sätt så att det består av partiklar <2 mm.  

This document establishes the organizational, design, construction, operational, and quality-assurance requirements applicable to heterogeneous, thermal-spectrum research reactors with power levels up to several tens of megawatts. It defines the minimum expectations for management structure, project governance, safety culture, quality assurance, documentation control, and lifecycle oversight necessary to

ensure safe, compliant, and effective reactor operation.

The document applies to new research reactors and, where practicable, to existing or legacy reactors using a graded approach consistent with IAEA SSR-3[6] a nd I AEA S SG-22.[10] It addresses administrative and operational controls, procurement and inspection processes, training and qualification, radiation protection, and change management throughout the reactor lifecycle, including modifications and decommissioning.

This document does not prescribe detailed technical design specifications; rather, it provides the framework within which such specifications are developed, reviewed, and controlled. Additional guidance may be required for reactors exceeding the stated power range or for specialized reactor types such as fast spectrum systems or facilities incorporating advanced experimental features.

I detta dokument anges krav och konstruktionsbeskrivning för madrassöverdrag i tubmodell tillverkat av trikå.

I detta dokument anges krav och konstruktionsbeskrivning för kuddöverdrag i tubmodell tillverkad av trikå.

This document specifies methods using sieving for the determination of the quantity of coarse particles of binder present in bituminous emulsions and for the determination of storage stability. WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. In addition, for environmental aspects, it is important to limit the quantities of products, solvents and energy sources to reduce the emissions in air and water and the wastes to the minimum required for a valid test realization.

This document provides guidance on the intent of the requirements in ISO 9001, with examples of possible steps an organization can take to meet the requirements. It does not add to, subtract from, or in any way modify those requirements.

This dcument does not prescribe mandatory approaches to implementation, or provide any preferred method of interpretation.