Fluidsystem och delar: allmänt

This document specifies the requirements for three types of general-purpose textile-reinforced rubber water hose with an operating temperature range of −25 °C to +70 °C and a maximum working pressure of up to 2,5 MPa (25 bar). These hoses are not intended to be used for conveyance of potable (drinking) water, for washing-machine inlets, as firefighting hoses, for special agricultural machines or as collapsible water hoses. These hoses can be used with additives which lower the freezing point of water.

This document specifies the requirements for valve protection caps and valve guards used on cylinders for liquefied, dissolved or compressed gases. Valve protection caps and valve guards are some of the options available to protect cylinder valves, including valves with integral pressure regulators (VIPRs) during transport. This document is applicable to valve protection caps and valve guards which inherently provide the primary protection of a cylinder valve. It can also be used to test other equipment (e.g., handling devices) attached to cylinder packages, even in cases where the cylinder valve is inherently able to withstand damage without release of the content. This document excludes protection devices for cylinders with a water capacity of 5 l or less and cylinders whereby the protection device is fixed by means of lugs welded or brazed to the cylinder, or is welded or brazed directly to the cylinder. This document does not cover valve protection for breathing apparatus cylinders. NOTE Small cylinders (e.g., medical cylinders) are commonly transported in an outer-packaging (e.g., pallet) to meet transport regulations. This document does not specify requirements that could be necessary to enable the valve protection device to be used for lifting the cylinder.

This document, in conjunction with ISO 10297 and ISO 14246, specifies design, type testing, marking and manufacturing tests, and examinations requirements for quick-release cylinder valves intended to be fitted to refillable transportable gas cylinders, pressure drums and tubes which convey: — non-toxic; — non-oxidizing; — non-flammable; and — non-corrosive; compressed or liquefied gases or extinguishing agents charged with compressed gases to be used for fire-extinguishing, explosion protection, and rescue applications. NOTE 1 The main application of such quick-release cylinder valves is in the fire-fighting industry. However, there are other applications such as avalanche airbags, life raft inflation and similar applications. NOTE 2 Where there is no risk of ambiguity, gas cylinders, pressure drums and tubes are addressed with the collective term “cylinders” within this document. This document covers the function of a quick-release cylinder valve as a closure. This document does not apply to quick-release cylinder valves for cryogenic equipment and for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). This document does not apply to quick-release cylinder valves if used as the main closure of portable fire extinguishers because portable fire extinguishers are not covered by transport regulation. Quick-release cylinder valves of auxiliary refillable propellant gas cylinders used within or as part of portable fire extinguishers are covered by this document, if these cylinders are transported separately, e.g. for filling (see UN Model Regulations, Chapter 3.3, Special Provision 225, second note[1]).

This document specifies design, type testing, marking and manufacturing tests and examinations requirements for: a) self-closing cylinder valves; b) self-closing cylinder valves with integrated pressure regulator (VIPR); NOTE 1 This includes VIPR designs where the primary valve operating mechanism is located upstream of the pressure regulating system (VIPR type A) and where the primary valve operating mechanism is located at the low-pressure side of the pressure regulating system (VIPR type C). NOTE 2 This does not include VIPR designs where the pressure regulating system is acting as the primary valve operating mechanism (VIPR type B) and designs where closure of the primary valve operating mechanism is obtained by closing the seat of the pressure regulating mechanism. Such designs are covered by ISO 10297. for refillable transportable gas cylinders which convey compressed, liquefied or dissolved gases. NOTE 3 The main applications for such self-closing cylinder valves are in the calibration gas and beverage industries. NOTE 4 Where there is no risk of ambiguity, cylinder valves and VIPRs are addressed with the collective term “valves” within this document. This document does not apply to: — valves for cryogenic equipment, portable fire extinguishers and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG); — quick-release cylinder valves (e.g. for fire-extinguishing, explosion protection and rescue applications) - requirements for quick-release cylinder valves are specified in ISO 17871 which contains normative references to this document; — ball valves. NOTE 5 Requirements for valves for cryogenic vessels are specified in ISO 21011 and at a regional level, e.g. in EN 1626. Requirements for valves for portable fire extinguishers are specified at a regional level, e.g. in EN 3 series. Requirements for self-closing LPG cylinder valves are specified in ISO 14245. Requirements for quick-release cylinder valves are given in ISO 17871. Requirements for ball valves are given in ISO 23826. This document only covers the function of a valve as a closure. Other functions that are possibly integrated in the valve can be covered by other standards. Such standards do however not constitute requirements according to this document. NOTE 6 Definition of and specific requirements for VIPRs in addition to those that are given in this document are specified in ISO 22435 for industrial applications or ISO 10524-3 for medical applications. Similarly, certain specific additional requirements for residual pressure valves (RPV) are given in ISO 15996.

This document compiles a vocabulary of terms, with their definitions, applied in the field of district heating and district cooling systems.

In general terms, Miner’s rule is a common approach to calculate how the accumulation of a specific load that varies over time effects the time until failure. This international standard specifies the application of Miner’s rule for calculating the design time until failure of plastics pipes and piping systems of plastics materials under varying, but known, load conditions. Miner’s rule can also be applied reciprocally to calculate the tolerable load levels along a desired design time. This international standard specifies particularly the application of Miner’s rule to calculate stress or pressure regimes, respectively, that are tolerable during a targeted design time for plastics or composite pipes. Further, the application of Miner’s rule on the effect of accumulated damage on polyolefins caused by oxidative attack under varying temperatures and times on the design life is specified. It is necessary to apply Miner's rule to each failure mechanism separately. Thus, for mechanical failure due to internal pressure, other failure mechanisms, such as oxidative or dehydrochlorinative degradative failure mechanisms, are to be neglected (assuming, of course, no interaction). A material may be used only when it is proven to conform to all failure mechanism criteria. NOTE Miner's rule is an empirically based procedure and is only a first approximation to reality.

This document specifies the mounting dimensions required for interchangeability of rod-end spherical eyes of pneumatic cylinders. The rod-end spherical eyes have been designed specifically for use with 1 000 kPa [10 bar[1]] series cylinders manufactured in accordance with ISO 6432 and ISO 15552, but this does not limit their application.

The spherical bearing end eyes are used on piston rods of pneumatic cylinders for mechanically transmitting the cylinder force under oscillatory rotational and tilting movements. The design of the rod-end spherical eyes is based on the maximum forces resulting from the specified internal diameter of the cylinders and pressure according to ISO 6432, ISO 15552 and ISO 21287.

[1] 1 bar = 100 kPa = 105 Pa; 1 Pa = 1 N/m2.

This document specifies a method for determining the longitudinal tensile properties of pipe or pipe/pipe or pipe/fitting assemblies using hydraulic pressure. The method accommodates water-in-water or liquid-in liquid tests or their combinations. The document is applicable to pipes and their assemblies with fused or bonded joints with the same or different MRS or design SDR. The method provides load-displacement curves, from which the following properties are determined., — the longitudinal strengths ( — the percent elongation ( σLY , LB ) — the energy to failure (UT)

This document specifies methods for testing the resistance to sustained longitudinal tensile loading (longitudinal stress-rupture) of uniaxial plastic pipe/pipe or pipe/fitting or fitting/fitting assemblies using hydrostatic pressure at a given temperature. This document is applicable to pipe assemblies with electrofusion or butt fusion joints. The methods accommodate water-in-water, water-in-air, and liquid-in liquid tests. Method A uses no external hoop expansion restraint (specifically designed test piece). Method B uses external hoop expansion restraint (metal end caps or circumferential (ring) clamps). Note 1 The longitudinal (axial) tensile loading by hydrostatic internal pressure is achieved by using means to create axial stress as the maximum principal stress over the hoop stress in the assemblies. The external hoop expansion restraint or specific test piece design is used for this purpose[1,2].

This document establishes a system for the classification of fan efficiency for all fan types driven by motors with an electrical input power of 0,125 kW and above. It applies to driven fans only, but not to the system (finished original equipment manufacturer’s product, for example box fans and roof fans or ventilation system) in which they might be installed. This document, as well as ISO 12759-3, ISO 12759-5 and ISO 12759-6, describe a number of different procedures to classify the efficiency of a fan or to apply a minimum efficiency limit (MEL).

Appendix F shows how procedures described in this document can be used to set MELs.

There is no method described to compare these classifications and MELs.