Energi- och värmeöverföring

This document specifies a method which covers the determination of Gd2O3 content in UO2 fuel pellets, by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Either wave dispersion X-ray fluorescence (WD-XRF) or energy dispersion X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) is applicable, however, this document states a method by using WD-XRF using Gd Lα-line. This method has been tested for mass fractions of from 2 % to 10 % Gd2O3.

This document specifies requirements and guidance to enable an organization to reduce its energy related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This document: a) is applicable to any organization regardless of its type, size, complexity, geographical location, organizational culture or the products and services it provides; b) is applicable to Scope 1 emissions related to energy and Scope 2 emissions; c) is applicable irrespective of the quantity, use, or types of energy consumed; d) requires demonstration of absolute reduction of energy related GHG emissions aligned with emission reduction target(s); e) ISO 50001 is required as a part of this document. Note: Organizations can include some or all categories of Scope 3 emissions within the scope of their EnMS based on the organization’s management decisions. Annex A provides guidance for the use of this document. Annex B provides guidance on managing Scope 3 emissions. Annex C provides guidance on the relationship between this document and ISO 50001.

ISO 14044 requires the goal and scope of an LCA to be clearly defined and be consistent with the intended application. Due to the iterative nature of LCA, it is possible that the LCA scope needs to be refined during the study. This document specifies methodologies that can be applied to determine the carbon footprint of a product (CFP) or partial CFP of a hydrogen product in line with ISO 14067. The goals and scopes of the methodologies correspond to either approach a) or b), given below, that ISO 14040:2006, A.2 gives as two possible approaches to LCA. a)   An approach that assigns elementary flows and potential environmental impacts to a specific product system, typically as an account of the history of the product. b)   An approach that studies the environmental consequences of possible (future) changes between alternative product systems. Approaches a) and b) have become known as attributional and consequential, respectively, with complementary information accessible in the ILCD handbook.[1] There are numerous pathways to produce hydrogen from various primary energy sources. This document describes the requirements and evaluation methods applied to several hydrogen production pathways of interest: electrolysis, steam methane reforming (with carbon capture and storage), co-production and coal gasification (with carbon capture and storage), auto-thermal reforming (with carbon capture and storage), hydrogen as a co-product in industrial applications and hydrogen from biomass waste as feedstock. This document also considers the GHG emissions due to the conditioning or conversion of hydrogen into different physical forms and chemical carriers: —   hydrogen liquefaction; —   production, transport and cracking of ammonia as a hydrogen carrier; —   hydrogenation, transport and dehydrogenation of liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs). This document considers the GHG emissions due to hydrogen and/or hydrogen carriers’ transport up to the consumption gate. It is possible that future revisions of this document will consider additional hydrogen production, conditioning, conversion and transport methods. This document applies to and includes every delivery along the supply chain up to the final delivery to the consumption gate (see Figure 2 in the Introduction). This document also provides additional information related to evaluation principles, system boundaries and expected reported metrics in the form of Annexes A to K, that are accessible via the online ISO portal (https://standards.iso.org/iso/ts/19870/ed-1/en).

This document specifies two procedures to check the performance of solar thermal collector fields. This document is applicable to glazed flat plate collectors, evacuated tube collectors and/or tracking, concentrating collectors used as collectors in fields. The check can be done on the thermal power output of the collector field and also be on the daily yield of the collector field. The document specifies for the two procedures how to compare a measured output with a calculated one. The document applies for all sizes of collector fields.

This document determines the fuel quality classes and specifications of graded firewood. This document covers only firewood produced from the following raw materials (see ISO 17725‑1:2021, Table 1): —   1.1.1 Whole trees without roots; —   1.1.3 Stem wood; —   1.1.4 Logging residues (thick branches, tops etc.); —   1.2.1 Chemically untreated by-products and residues from wood processing industry.

This document applies to industrial metallic valves for hydrogen use. It contains recommendations and additional requirements applicable to material selection, design, manufacture, and final assessment. This document addresses the following four services/damage mechanisms, which might exist in combinations: - low temperature applications; - hydrogen environmental embrittlement (HEE) or hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC); - high temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA); - hydrogen service with cyclic loads (fatigue). The document considers the difference between gaseous hydrogen (GH2) and liquid hydrogen (LH2), where necessary. The additional provisions set out in this document do not cover corrosion such as electro-chemical corrosion of metals under participation of hydrogen (e.g. sour gas). This document is based on the requirements contained in the standards specified below: - applications with a maximum allowable pressure PS greater than 0,5 bar in accordance with the European legislation for pressure equipment, the applicable provisions of EN 16668 apply; - additional requirements for valves in chemical and petrochemical applications are specified in EN 12569; - additional requirements for valves in gas distribution systems are specified in EN 13774; - additional requirements for valves in gas transportation systems are specified in EN 14141.

This International standard describes requirements, design and installation of flexible pipe elements (e.g., metallic flexible pipe, metallic flexible tube, vibration isolator, expansion joint) and non-metallic tube used in the refrigerant circuits of refrigerating systems and heat pumps. It also describes the requirements to qualify the tightness and permeability of non-metallic tubes (e.g., plastic) used in evaporating and/or condensing sides of refrigerating systems and heat pumps. This International standard does not apply to flexible pipes that are only occasionally stressed beyond the elastic limit (e.g., during repair work), or to joints that are free to rotate or hinge.