Metallurgi

The method is applicable to products having manganese contents between 0,001 and 4 % (m/m). Gives principle, reagents, apparatus, sampling, procedure, expression of results and test report.

This document defines the grades and the corresponding requirements for ausferritic spheroidal graphite cast irons. This document specifies five grades of ausferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron by a classification based on mechanical properties measured on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples. One grade also has additional but optional requirements for room temperature and notched-impact. This document also specifies two grades by a classification as a function of hardness. This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings. NOTE For further details, see EN 1559-1:2011 and EN 1559-3:2011.

This document gives specific procedures for industrial X-ray and gamma radiography for discontinuity detection purposes, using NDT (non-destructive testing) film techniques. This part of the EN 12681 series specifies the requirements for film radiographic testing of castings. Films after exposure and processing become radiographs with different area of optical density. Radiographs are viewed and evaluated using industrial radiographic illuminators. This part of the EN 12681 series specifies the recommended procedure for the choice of operating conditions and radiographic practice. These procedures are applicable to castings produced by any casting process, especially for steel, cast iron, aluminium, cobalt, copper, magnesium, nickel, titanium, zinc and any alloys of them. NOTE This document considers EN ISO 5579. This document does not apply to: - radiographic testing of castings for aerospace applications (see EN 2002-21); - radiographic testing of welded joints (see EN ISO 17636-1); - radiography with digital detectors (see EN 12681-2); - radioscopic testing (see the EN 13068 series).

This document gives specific procedures for industrial X-ray and gamma radiography for discontinuity detection purposes, using NDT (non-destructive testing) digital X-ray image detectors. This part of the EN 12681 series specifies the requirements for digital radiographic testing by either computed radiography (CR) or radiography with digital detector arrays (DDA) of castings. Digital detectors provide a digital grey value image which can be viewed and evaluated using a computer. NOTE This part of the EN 12681 series complies with EN 14784-2 for CR. Some clauses and annexes are taken from EN ISO 17636 2. This part of the EN 12681 series specifies the recommended procedure for detector selection and radiographic practice. Selection of computer, software, monitor, printer and viewing conditions are important but are not the main focus of this document. The procedure specified in this document provides the minimum requirements for radiographic practice which permit exposure and acquisition of digital images with equivalent sensitivity for detection of imperfections as film radiography, as specified in EN 12681 1. This document does not consider radiographic or radioscopic fitness for purpose testing as applied for specific castings based on manufacturer’s internal requirements and procedures. The requirements on image quality in testing class A and B testing of Annex A consider the good workmanship quality for general casting applications as also required in EN 12681 1 for film radiography. The testing classes AA and BA reflect the quality requirements of current automated and semi-automated radiographic testing systems with DDAs and computer- or operator-based image evaluation, and mini- or micro-focus tubes (spot size ≤ 1 mm) with reduced requirements to the unsharpness, but unchanged requirements to contrast sensitivity as also required in EN 12681 1 for film radiography. The specified procedures are applicable to castings produced by any casting process, especially for steels, cast irons, aluminium, cobalt, copper, magnesium, nickel, titanium, zinc and any alloys of them. This document does not apply to: - the testing of welded joints (see EN ISO 17636 2); - film radiography (see EN 12681 1); - real time testing with radioscopy (see EN 13068 1; radioscopy with image intensifiers).

This document specifies methods for the examination of surface condition (roughness and surface discontinuities) of castings. This document is applicable to all cast metals and all casting processes except die casting.