Plaströr

In general terms, Miner’s rule is a common approach to calculate how the accumulation of a specific load that varies over time effects the time until failure. This international standard specifies the application of Miner’s rule for calculating the design time until failure of plastics pipes and piping systems of plastics materials under varying, but known, load conditions. Miner’s rule can also be applied reciprocally to calculate the tolerable load levels along a desired design time. This international standard specifies particularly the application of Miner’s rule to calculate stress or pressure regimes, respectively, that are tolerable during a targeted design time for plastics or composite pipes. Further, the application of Miner’s rule on the effect of accumulated damage on polyolefins caused by oxidative attack under varying temperatures and times on the design life is specified. It is necessary to apply Miner's rule to each failure mechanism separately. Thus, for mechanical failure due to internal pressure, other failure mechanisms, such as oxidative or dehydrochlorinative degradative failure mechanisms, are to be neglected (assuming, of course, no interaction). A material may be used only when it is proven to conform to all failure mechanism criteria. NOTE Miner's rule is an empirically based procedure and is only a first approximation to reality.

This document specifies the characteristics and requirements for components such as pipes, fittings, and valves made from one of the following materials intended to be used for thermoplastics piping systems under internal pressure from the media or vacuum conditions in the field of industrial applications above and below ground (including buried): — polybutene (PB); — polyethylene (PE); — polyethylene of raised temperature resistance (PE-RT); — crosslinked polyethylene (PE-X); — polypropylene (PP). NOTE 1 Requirements for industrial valves are given in this document and in other standards (see clause 2) This document is applicable to either PB, PE, PE-RT, PE-X, or PP pipes, fittings, valves, and their joints and to joints with components of other plastics and non-plastic materials, depending on their suitability, intended to be used for the conveyance of liquid and gaseous media as well as solid matter in suspension for industrial applications. Some examples (but not limited to) of industrial piping applications: — chemicals; — industrial sewers; — power engineering (e.g. cooling and general purpose water); — mining; — electroplating and pickling; — semiconductor; — agriculture; — fire fighting; — water treatment; — geothermal; — compressed air; — carbon dioxide (wet or dry capture, transportation, utilisation, and storage). NOTE 2 Where relevant, national regulations (e.g. water treatment) are applicable, other application areas are permitted if the requirements of this document and/or applicable national requirements are fulfilled. National regulations in respect of fire behaviour and explosion risk are applicable. Characteristics and requirements for pipes, fittings, and valves that are applicable for all materials (PB, PE, PE-RT, PE-X, or PP) are covered by the relevant clauses of this document. Characteristics and requirements which are dependent on the material are given in the relevant annex for each material (see Table 1).

This document specifies a method for determining the longitudinal tensile properties of pipe or pipe/pipe or pipe/fitting assemblies using hydraulic pressure. The method accommodates water-in-water or liquid-in liquid tests or their combinations. The document is applicable to pipes and their assemblies with fused or bonded joints with the same or different MRS or design SDR. The method provides load-displacement curves, from which the following properties are determined., — the longitudinal strengths ( — the percent elongation ( σLY , LB ) — the energy to failure (UT)

This document specifies methods for testing the resistance to sustained longitudinal tensile loading (longitudinal stress-rupture) of uniaxial plastic pipe/pipe or pipe/fitting or fitting/fitting assemblies using hydrostatic pressure at a given temperature. This document is applicable to pipe assemblies with electrofusion or butt fusion joints. The methods accommodate water-in-water, water-in-air, and liquid-in liquid tests. Method A uses no external hoop expansion restraint (specifically designed test piece). Method B uses external hoop expansion restraint (metal end caps or circumferential (ring) clamps). Note 1 The longitudinal (axial) tensile loading by hydrostatic internal pressure is achieved by using means to create axial stress as the maximum principal stress over the hoop stress in the assemblies. The external hoop expansion restraint or specific test piece design is used for this purpose[1,2].

This document specifies the general terms and definitions relevant to the utilization of thermoplastics materials in a circular economy in pipes, fittings and ancillaries for both pressure and non-pressure piping systems. This document is intended to be used by specification writers in conjunction with CEN/TS 14541-2 [7] when preparing normative documents under the scope of CEN/TC 155.