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This document specifies methods for quantitative determination of seven selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB28, PCB52, PCB101, PCB118, PCB138, PCB153 and PCB180) in soil, sludge, sediment, treated biowaste, and waste using GC-MS and GC-ECD (see Table 2).

The limit of detection depends on the determinants, the equipment used, the quality of chemicals used for the extraction of the sample and the clean-up of the extract. Under the conditions specified in this document, lower limit of application from 1 μg/kg (expressed as dry matter) for soils, sludge and biowaste to 10 μg/kg (expressed as dry matter) for solid waste can be achieved. For some specific samples the limit of 10 μg/kg cannot be reached. Sludge, waste and treated biowaste may differ in properties, as well as in the expected contamination levels of PCB and presence of interfering substances. These differences make it impossible to describe one general procedure. This document contains decision tables based on the properties of the sample and the extraction and clean-up procedure to be used.

NOTE           The analysis of PCB in insulating liquids, petroleum products, used oils and aqueous samples is referred to in EN 61619, EN 12766-1 and ISO 6468 respectively. The method can be applied to the analysis of other PCB congeners not specified in the scope, provided suitability is proven by proper in-house validation experiments.

This European Standard specifies requirements for chemical and physical properties, and minimum performance requirements of low expansion foams suitable for surface application to water-miscible liquids. Requirements are also specified for marking. IMPORTANT - The fire performance is tested using acetone and isopropanol as the fuel, which also forms the basis for the performance classification. However, there are a large number of water-miscible liquids which have more or less different properties to acetone and isopropanol. It has been shown by tests using other fuels that the performance of various foams can differ considerably. Examples of such fuel is Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK). It is therefore essential that the user checks for any unfavourable or unacceptable loss of efficiency when the foam is used against fires in any other water-miscible fuels than acetone and isopropanol respectively. The fire test conditions and procedure given in H.2 can be used in order to achieve results comparative with acetone and isopropanol respectively and related requirements. It is also essential for the user to note that other fuel depths and methods of application than those specified in H.2 can cause considerable loss of efficiency and these matters should be carefully considered by the user when assessing the suitability for particular applications. WARNING - Any type approval according to this standard is invalidated by any change in composition of the approved product. NOTE Some concentrates conforming to this part of the EN 1568 series can also conform to other parts and therefore can also be suitable for application as medium and/or high expansion foams.

This European Standard specifies requirements for chemical and physical properties, and minimum performance requirements of medium expansion foams suitable for surface application to water-immiscible liquids. Requirements are also given for marking. WARNING - Any type approval according to this standard is invalidated by any change in composition of the approved product. Some concentrates conforming to this part of EN 1568 can also conform to other parts and therefore can also be suitable for application as low and/or high expansion foams.

This European Standard specifies requirements for chemical and physical properties, and minimum performance requirements of high expansion foams suitable for surface application to water-immiscible liquids. Requirements are also given for marking. WARNING - Any type approval according to this standard is invalidated by any change in composition of the approved product. Some concentrates conforming to this part of EN 1568 can also conform to other parts and therefore can also be suitable for application as low and/or medium expansion foams.

This European Standard specifies requirements for chemical and physical properties, and minimum performance requirements of low expansion foams suitable for surface application to water-immiscible liquids. Requirements are also given for marking. WARNING - Any type approval according to this standard is invalidated by any change in composition of the approved product. Some concentrates conforming to this part of EN 1568 can also conform to other parts and therefore can also be suitable for application as medium and/or high expansion foams, and for application at low expansion to water-miscible liquids.

This document provides a self-assessment of an organization’s human-centred design principles, processes, and activities throughout the life cycle of computer-based interactive systems, It also provides an overview of information given in the ISO 9241-200 series. It is intended to be used as an introduction and self-assessment guide to human-centred design (HCD). Its target audience are personnel responsible for and managing design processes, and it is concerned with ways in which both hardware and software components of interactive systems can enhance human–system interaction. It includes a self-assessment that allows organizations to understand and assess their level of awareness and practices with respect to the human-centred design approach and best practices for organizations and project teams within that organization. This document does not provide detailed coverage of the methods and techniques required for human-centred design, nor does it address health or safety aspects in detail. Although it addresses the planning and management of human-centred design, it does not address all aspects of project management. Detailed human factors/ergonomics, usability and accessibility issues are dealt with more fully in a number of standards including other parts of ISO 9241and ISO 6385, which sets out the broad principles of ergonomics.

This document deals with whole body vibration as a significant hazard. It also specifies the methods for determining the vibration emission transmitted to the whole body of drivers standing and/or seated on freely moveable GSE, when driving for purposes of type evaluation, declaration and methods of verifying vibration emission. The test results are not applicable to the determination of whole body vibration exposure of persons.

This document describes a systematic approach to assess potential occupational risks related to the dermal exposure to chemical agents at the workplace. This approach provides guidance to identify hazards, exposure routes, exposed body parts and potential consequences of exposure with respect to skin uptake and local skin effects, using qualitative and quantitative approaches. NOTE There is a relation between skin contamination and inadvertent ingestion. This document is aimed at occupational hygienists, researchers and other safety professionals to assist recognition of potential dermal exposure and its potential consequences.

This document describes the conditioning procedures for test specimens which will be tested according to the European standards for reaction to fire. The rules for the selection of substrates for construction products when carrying out reaction to fire tests are also detailed in this document. This document does not contain requirements for - the pre-drying of test specimens for the non-combustibility test according EN ISO 1182; - methods of cleaning (e.g. washing) and other methods for the assessment of durability aspects, which are dealt with in the relevant product standards.

This document specifies definitions, principles of construction (but not dimensions) and design, requirements on performance and operation as well as methods for testing the performance of adjustable chemical dosing systems for conditioning water intended for human consumption inside buildings (see [1]) which are permanently connected to the mains supply.

This document describes test methods and methods for classification of wood and wood-based products for which a stage in the production process results in an improvement of the reaction-to-fire classification in accordance with EN 13501-1 for use in interior and exterior situations (use classes 1, 2, and 3 as defined in EN 335:2013). NOTE The classes of this document are not performance classes and do not give guidance for how long the reaction to fire classification of wood or wood-based product will last. This document applies to - wood and wood-based products (specific wood species, wood treated with preservatives and modified wood, for example thermally and chemically modified wood) that have been treated with fire-retardant chemical(s) applied either by a penetrating process or by a superficial process, such as with a film forming fire-retardant coating. - wood-based products that incorporate fire retardant chemical(s) as part of the production process. This document also covers fire-retardant wood and wood-based products that have a non-fire-retardant coating. Mechanical properties, aesthetic properties, dimensional stability properties, service life and biological durability of fire-retardant wood and wood-based products are not covered by this document. NOTE 2 This document is relevant for, but not limited to, products covered by these products standards: EN 13986, EN 14081-1, EN14374, EN 14915 and EN 16351. NOTE 3 EAD 350865-00-1106 covers fire retardant products (coating) applied in situ.

This document identifies ergonomic or human-systems issues and guidance for the development and use of systems involving immersive environments, augmented reality and virtual reality. This includes:

a)      environments where the user is provided with a perception of being physically present in a virtually-created world;

b)      environments where the user is represented virtually and can interact in a real-world environment;

c)       environments involving artificial reality, augmented reality, virtual reality, mixed reality and similar simulated realities;

d)      computer-generated environments where the user interacts with simulated objects in a manner similar to how the user would interact with the real-world counterparts of these objects.

This document is not an exploration of the philosophical, ethical or political issues surrounding the use of immersive environments.

This document limits its treatment of the technologies used to create immersive environments to focusing on their interactions with users and does not investigate other aspects of these technologies.

The target audience for this document is decision-makers, designers and engineers who would benefit from the consideration of human-systems issues of immersive environments. Futurists, researchers, technology developers, regulators and legislators could also find this document useful.

This document describes the conditioning procedures for test specimens which will be tested according to the European standards for reaction to fire. The rules for the selection of substrates for construction products when carrying out reaction to fire tests are also detailed in this document. This document does not contain requirements for - the pre-drying of test specimens for the non-combustibility test according EN ISO 1182; - methods of cleaning (e.g. washing) and other methods for the assessment of durability aspects, which are dealt with in the relevant product standards.

This document defines key terminology, establishes circular economy principles at the levels of construction works as well as construction products of all kinds, and provides a guidance framework for the implementation and assessment of circularity in the built environment.

ISO 22032:2006 specifies a method for the determination of selected polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) in sediment and sludge using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the electron impact (EI) or negative ion chemical ionization (NCI) mode. When using GC-EI-MS, the method is applicable to samples containing 0,05 to 25 micrograms per kilogram of tetra- to octabromo congeners and 0,3 to 100 micrograms per kilogram of decabromo diphenyl ether (BDE-209), respectively.

This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the genotoxic potential of water and waste water using the bacterial strains Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100 in a fluctuation assay. This combination of strains is able to measure the genotoxicity of chemicals that induce point mutations (base pair substitutions and frameshift mutations) in genes coding for enzymes that are involved in the biosynthesis of the amino acid, histidine.

ISO 14505-1:2007 gives guidelines for the assessment of thermal stress inside vehicles used for land, sea and air operation. It offers information about the assessment of hot, cold as well as moderate thermal environments by referring to different methods, as specified in International Standards, and specifying the constraints and necessary adjustments needed for the special case of vehicle climate assessment.

This document applies to the use of the grass Lolium multiflorum ssp. italicum designated hereafter as Italian ryegrass for the bioaccumulation of substances liable to cause atmospheric pollution. It is an active biomonitoring approach insofar as the plants used are first cultivated in set conditions before being exposed at the monitoring locations in the field. The plants then record any pollution events that occur while they are being exposed, allowing such events to be accurately dated. The method described in this document can be applied for identification and localization of one or more single pollution sources and the tracking of their “plume” on a local or regional scale. It also offers a tool to monitor sites in the long term by the repeated application of a clearly defined procedure and to describe the local or regional air pollution situation. The method applies to solid and gaseous substances deposited on plants, where they may accumulate on their surface or in their tissues. These substances include sulphur, chloride, fluoride and especially metals as well as low volatile organic and halo-organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), polychlorinated dibenzo dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzo furans (PCDF). It is as well possible to verify pesticides which are used in plant protection products. The range of potential substances may be expanded according to the task at hand and the capabilities of conducting trace analyses and assessment. The method described in this document allows spatial and temporal comparisons and allows for screening, thus providing a first indication of risk. The results of grass culture studies can suggest risks to biota (e.g. via the food chain) which require further investigation. The method described in this document does not replace physico-chemical methods of direct measurement or modelling of air pollutants and cannot be replaced by them for its part; it complements them by indicating biological effects. Potential areas of deployment are: - Permit procedures related to air pollution legislation; - Preservation of evidence related to the code for protection from pollution; - Monitoring of emission sources and performance control; - Assessment of local-scale emission transport; - Evidence of causation, e.g. related to environmental liability; - Air quality maintenance plans/strategies; - Long-term monitoring of ecological effects of atmospheric depositions; - Detection and assessment of local, regional, and countrywide effects of atmospheric depositions; - Assessment of risks for humans and/or animals via the food chain. This document is of interest to those involved in environmental monitoring.

This document gives guidance on procedures for the pro-rata multi-habitat sampling of benthic macroinvertebrates in rivers and streams. The term “pro-rata” reflects the intention to sample all the main riverine habitats present at a monitoring site according to the proportion of the site that it covers. It is an objective way to divide sampling effort among the different habitats. This guidance is applicable to all flowing waters, both artificial, modified and natural. This design enables comparable samples to be collected from any type of river, regardless of the habitats present. The pro-rata multi-habitat sampling is an overall approach rather than a specific method. This document is designed to: - support environmental and conservation agencies to meet the monitoring requirements of the WFD (Article 8, Annex II, and Annex V); - generate data sets appropriate for monitoring and reporting of sites designated under the Habitats Directive and the Birds Directive ensure that samples for comparing the overall composition of invertebrates from different stream types are comparable; - ensure samples for environmental quality assessments across different stream types are comparable even when sampled by different people; and - support river management and restoration initiatives. The pro-rata multi-habitat sample (MHS) provides: - a consistent way of sampling sites that is not dependent on the presence of particular types of habitat; and - guidance on a user-friendly strategy for collecting biological data depending on the distribution of substrate type. It is also ideal for: - understanding the distribution of biological community types across different physical river types; and - quality assessments based on deviation from reference, as adopted in the European Water Framework Directive.