Jordkvalitet. Pedologi

This document specifies the general requirements, based on ISO 11074 and ISO/IEC 17025, for all steps in the planning (desk study and area reconnaissance) of the sampling and the preparation of samples for testing. It includes the selection of the sampling strategy, the outline of the sampling plan, the presentation of general sampling methods and equipment, as well as the methodology of the pre-treatment of samples adapted to the measurements of the activity of radionuclides in soil including rock from bedrock and ore, construction materials and products, potery, etc. using NORM or those from technological processes involving Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TENORM) e.g. the mining and processing of mineral sands or phosphate fertilizer production and use, as well as of sludge and sediment.
For simplification, the term “soil” used in this document covers the set of elements mentioned above.
This document is addressed to the people responsible for determining the radioactivity present in soil for the purpose of radiation protection. It is applicable to soil from gardens, farmland, urban, or industrial sites, as well as soil not affected by human activities.
This document is applicable to all laboratories regardless of the number of personnel or the range of the testing performed. When a laboratory does not undertake one or more of the activities covered by this document, such as planning, sampling, or testing, the corresponding requirements do not apply.
NOTE The term “laboratory” is applicable to all identified entities (individuals, organizations,..) performing planning, sampling, test and calibration.

This document specifies methods for the determination of the liquid and plastic limits of a soil. These comprise two of the Atterberg limits for soils.
The liquid limit is the water content at which a soil changes from the liquid to the plastic state.
This document describes the determination of the liquid limit of a specimen of natural soil, or of a specimen of soil from which material larger than about 0,4 mm has been removed. This document describes two methods: the fall cone method and the Casagrande method.
NOTE The fall cone method in this document should not be confused with that of ISO 17892-6.
The plastic limit of a soil is the water content at which a soil ceases to be plastic when dried further.
The determination of the plastic limit is normally made in conjunction with the determination of the liquid limit. It is recognized that the results of the test are subject to the judgement of the operator, and that some variability in results will occur.

This document specifies a method for quantitative determination of 17 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in sludge, treated biowaste and soil using liquid column chromatographic clean-up methods and GC/HRMS.
The analytes to be determined with this document are listed in Table 1.

The limit of detection depends on the kind of sample, the congener, the equipment used and the quality of chemicals used for extraction and clean-up. Under the conditions specified in this document, limits of detection better than 1 ng/kg (expressed as dry matter) can be achieved.
This method is “performance based”. It is allowed to modify the method if all performance criteria given in this method are met.
NOTE In principle this method can also be applied for sediments, mineral wastes and for vegetation. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to validate the application for these matrices. For measurement in complex matrices like fly ashes adsorbed on vegetation it can be necessary to further improve the clean-up. This can also apply to sediments and mineral wastes.

This document specifies a method for sampling and handling free-living nematodes from terrestrial field soils as a prerequisite for using them as bio-indicators (e.g. to assess the quality of a soil as a habitat for organisms).
This document applies to all terrestrial biotopes in which nematodes occur. The sampling design of field studies in general is specified in ISO 18400-101.
This document is not applicable to aquatic nematodes because of differences in the sample matrix (e.g. water column). Methods for some other soil organism groups such as earthworms, collembolans enchytraeids or macro-invertebrates are covered in ISO 23611-1, ISO 23611-2, ISO 23611-3 and ISO 23611-5.
The nematodes that are characterized by the proposed procedure are all the free-living forms of nematodes found in soil. They include non-plant-feeding nematodes as well as ectoparasitic plant-feeding nematodes and free-living stage of endoparasitic nematodes. The quantification of obligate plant-feeding nematodes in roots requires specific methods.
NOTE Basic information on the ecology of nematodes and their use as bio-indicators can be found in the bibliography.
This document does not cover the pedological characterization of the site which is highly recommendable when sampling soil invertebrates. ISO 10390, ISO 10694, ISO 11272, ISO 11274, ISO 11277, ISO 11461 and ISO 11465 include suitable procedures for measuring pH, particle size distribution, C/N ratio, organic carbon content and water-holding capacity.