Petroleum och motsvarande tekniker

This document specifies a test method for the determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) content in diesel fuel or domestic heating fuel by mid infrared spectrometry, which applies to FAME contents of the three measurement ranges as follows: - range A: for FAME contents ranging from approx. 0,05 % (V/V) to approx. 3 % (V/V); - range B: for FAME contents ranging from approx. 3 % (V/V) to approx. 20 % (V/V); - range C: for FAME contents ranging from approx. 20 % (V/V) to approx. 50 % (V/V). Principally, higher FAME contents can also be analysed if diluted; however, no precision data for results outside the specified range is available at present. This test method was verified to be applicable to samples which contain FAME conforming to EN 14214. Reliable quantitative results are obtained only if the samples do not contain any significant amounts of other interfering components, especially esters and other carbonyl compounds which possess absorption bands in the spectral region used for quantification of FAME. If such interfering components are present, this test method is expected to produce higher values. NOTE 1 For the purposes of this document, the term "% (V/V)" is used to represent the volume fraction (φ) of a material. NOTE 2 For conversion of grams FAME per litre (g FAME/l) to volume fraction, a fixed density for FAME of 883,0 kg/m3 is adopted. WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies a method for determining the total acidity, calculated as acetic acid, of ethanol to be used in petrol blends. It is applicable to ethanol having total acid contents of between 0,003 % (m/m) and 0,015 % (m/m). NOTE For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction and the volume fraction, respectively. WARNING - Use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel prior to the application of the document, and to fulfil statutory and regulatory restrictions for this purpose.

This part of ISO 19901 specifies methodologies for: a) the design, analysis and evaluation of station-keeping systems for floating structures used by the oil and gas industries to support any combination of: 1) production, 2) storage, 3) offloading, 4) drilling and well intervention. b) the assessment of station-keeping systems for site-specific applications of mobile offshore units and construction units. Most station-keeping systems used with the class of floating structures covered by a) are termed “permanent mooring systems”, for which this part of ISO 19901 is applicable to all aspects of the life cycle and includes requirements relating to the manufacture of mooring components, as well as considerations for in-service inspections. Most station-keeping systems used with mobile offshore units, the class covered by b), are termed “mobile mooring systems”. Throughout this part of ISO 19901, the term “floating structure”, sometimes shortened to “structure”, is used as a generic term to indicate any member of the two classes, a) and b). This part of ISO 19901 is applicable to the following types of station-keeping systems, which are either covered directly in this part of ISO 19901 or through reference to other guidelines: i) spread moorings, ii) single point moorings iii) dynamic positioning systems, iv) thruster-assisted moorings. This part of ISO 19901 is not applicable to: — station keeping systems which do not have redundancy against failure of any single component (e.g., single anchor leg moorings (SALMs)), — station keeping systems which use any means other than mooring lines or thrusters such as tower soft yoke systems, or tension leg platforms (TLPs) that are using tendons. The requirements for this part of ISO 19901 address spread mooring systems and single point mooring systems with mooring lines composed of steel chain, steel wire or synthetic fibre rope.

Descriptions of characteristics and typical components found in these systems are given in Annex A. This document includes requirements relating to the selection of mooring components, mooring system configuration and performance, components design, installation, post-installation survey, and as-installed assessments as needed for mooring integrity management. The procedures for the design of permanent or site assessment of mobile mooring systems specified in this document are based on a deterministic approach where mooring system responses (such as line tensions, vessel offsets, and anchor loads) are evaluated for a design environment defined by an annual probability of exceedance or return period. Mooring system responses are then checked against acceptance criteria for mooring strength, offsets and orientation, clearances, anchor capacity, fatigue resistance, etc. The minimum acceptance criteria are either defined in this document or are to be specified by the Operator. NOTE 1 Station-keeping systems designed based on this deterministic approach might have differing levels of reliability. For moored structures (vessels), system responses are calculated and compared to minimum acceptance criteria for: — Ultimate limit states (ULS): Mooring component strength. Vessel offset, orientation, and clearance constraints. Herein the ULS includes both intact and single failure condition for station-keeping systems. — Serviceability limit states (SLS): Vessel offset, orientation, and clearance constraints. For mooring components this includes clearances with the vessel, risers, umbilicals, seabed, water surface, field infrastructure, exclusion zones, etc. — Fatigue limit states (FLS) : Cumulative mooring component fatigue damage. — Accidental limit state (ALS): no criteria are given for accidental or abnormal limit state which are left to owner decision or local Authorities requirements. The methodology described in this part of ISO 19901 identifies a set of coherent analysis techniques that, combined with an understanding of the site-specific metocean conditions, the characteristics of the floating structure under consideration, and other factors, can be used to determine the adequacy of the station keeping system to meet the functional requirements of this document. NOTE 2 For moorings deployed in ice-prone environments, additional requirements are given in ISO 19906 subclause 13.7.

This international standard defines a method of determining bulk density of solid recovered fuels by the use of a standard measuring container.

This document specifies the requirements for two types of rubber hoses and rubber hose assemblies for loading and discharge of liquid hydrocarbon fuels with a maximum working pressure of 10 bar (1,0 MPa). Both types of hose are designed for: a) use with hydrocarbon fuels, having an aromatic hydrocarbon content not exceeding 50 % by volume and containing oxygenated compounds up to 15 %; b) operation within the temperature range of −30 °C to +70 °C, undamaged by climatic conditions of −50 °C to 70 °C when stored in static conditions. This document is not applicable to hoses and hose assemblies for LPG, aviation fuel systems, fuel station systems and marine applications.

This document specifies a method for the calibration of spherical tanks with radius greater than 1m by means of external measurements using an electro-optical distance-ranging (EODR) instrument.

This document contains requirements for defining the seismic design procedures and criteria for offshore structures; guidance on the requirements is included in Annex A. The requirements focus on fixed steel offshore structures and fixed concrete offshore structures. The effects of seismic events on floating structures and partially buoyant structures are briefly discussed. The site-specific assessment of jack-ups in elevated condition is only covered in this document to the extent that the requirements are applicable. Only earthquake-induced ground motions are addressed in detail. Other geologically induced hazards such as liquefaction, slope instability, faults, tsunamis, mud volcanoes and shock waves are mentioned and briefly discussed. The requirements are intended to reduce risks to persons, the environment, and assets to the lowest levels that are reasonably practicable. This intent is achieved by using: a) seismic design procedures which are dependent on the exposure level of the offshore structure and the expected intensity of seismic events; b) a two-level seismic design check in which the structure is designed to the ultimate limit state (ULS) for strength and stiffness and then checked to abnormal environmental events or the abnormal limit state (ALS) to ensure that it meets reserve strength and energy dissipation requirements. Procedures and requirements for a site-specific probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) are addressed for offshore structures in high seismic areas and/or with high exposure levels. However, a thorough explanation of PSHA procedures is not included. Where a simplified design approach is allowed, worldwide offshore maps, which are included in Annex B, show the intensity of ground shaking corresponding to a return period of 1 000 years. In such cases, these maps can be used with corresponding scale factors to determine appropriate seismic actions for the design of a structure, unless more detailed information is available from local code or site-specific study. NOTE     For design of fixed steel offshore structures, further specific requirements and recommended values of design parameters (e.g. partial action and resistance factors) are included in ISO 19902, while those for fixed concrete offshore structures are contained in ISO 19903. Seismic requirements for floating structures are contained in ISO 19904, for site-specific assessment of jack-ups and other MOUs in the ISO 19905 series, for arctic structures in ISO 19906 and for topsides structures in ISO 19901‑3.