Maskinsäkerhet

This document provides requirements for the application of basic and well-tried safety principles and conditions for possible fault exclusions. This document provides guidance for the design and the validation of mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, and electrical systems for the safety-related parts of a control system (SRP/CS) designed in accordance with ISO 13849-1:2023. NOTE Additional requirements for programmable electronic systems, including embedded software, are given in ISO 13849-1:2023, Clause 7, and IEC 61508.

The purpose of this document is to provide methods for quantifying the ride comfort of a passenger in a rail vehicle in response to the track sections it is operated over. The methods aim to quantify the effects of vehicle body motions on ride comfort and to make the assessment of passenger comfort predictable, repeatable, objective and meaningful. The methods and comfort scales are validated for people of good health. This document applies to passengers in rail vehicles operating on heavy rail networks. This document applies to measurements of motions. It also applies to simulated motions. Guidance is provided on: - which method described within the document should be used for different scenarios; - typical values for different comfort levels; - the application of simulation. This document excludes health and safety issues, non-passenger carrying vehicles, vehicle homologation and safety, limit values, motion sickness, discomfort caused by accelerating and braking, design guidelines and measurement technology.

This document gives the safety requirements and measures for numerically controlled (NC/CNC) boring machines, NC/CNC routing machines and NC/CNC boring and routing machines (as defined in 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4), capable of continuous production use, hereinafter referred to as "machines". This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, listed in Annex A, relevant to the machines when they are operated, adjusted and maintained as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer including reasonably foreseeable misuse. Also, transport, assembly, dismantling, disabling and scrapping phases have been taken into account. This document is also applicable to machines fitted with one or more of the following devices/additional working units, whose hazards have been dealt with: —   additional working units for sawing, sanding, assembling or dowel inserting; —   fixed or movable workpiece support; —   mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic or vacuum workpiece clamping; —   automatic tool change devices. It is also applicable to machines fitted with edge-banding equipment, even if the relevant specific hazards have not been dealt with. NOTE     For the risk assessment needed for the edge-banding equipment, ISO 19085-17 can be useful. Machines covered in this document are designed for workpieces consisting of: —   solid wood; —   material with similar physical characteristics to wood (see ISO 19085-1:2021, 3.2); —   gypsum boards, gypsum bounded fibreboards, cardboard; —   matrix engineered mineral boards, silicate boards; —   composite materials with core consisting of polyurethane or mineral material laminated with light alloy; —   polymer-matrix composite materials and reinforced thermoplastic/thermoset/elastomeric materials; —   aluminium light alloy profiles; —   aluminium light alloy plates with a maximum thickness of 10 mm; —   composite boards made from the materials listed above. This document does not deal with specific hazards related to: —   use of grinding wheels; —   ejection through openings guarded by curtains on machines where the height of the opening in the enclosure above the workpiece support exceeds 700 mm; —   ejection due to failure of milling tools with a cutting circle diameter equal to or greater than 16 mm and sawing tools not conforming to EN 847‑1:2017 and EN 847‑2:2017; —   the combination of a single machine being used with other machines (as a part of a line); —   integrated workpiece loading/unloading systems (e.g. robots). This document is not applicable to: —   single spindle hand fed or integrated fed routing machines; —   machines intended for use in potentially explosive atmosphere; —   machines manufactured prior to its publication.

This document gives the safety requirements and measures for horizontal beam panel circular sawing machines with the saw carriage of the front cutting line mounted below the workpiece support, which are manually and/or powered loaded and manually unloaded, capable of continuous production use, as defined in 3.1 and hereinafter referred to as “machines”. This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events as listed in Annex A, relevant to the machines, when operated, adjusted and maintained as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer including reasonably foreseeable misuse. Also, transport, assembly, dismantling, disabling and scrapping phases have been taken into account. It is also applicable to machines fitted with one or more of the following devices/additional working units, whose hazards have been dealt with: —   side pressure device; —   device for powered unloading; —   unit for scoring; —   unit for post-formed/soft-formed edge pre-cutting; —   panel turning device; —   front side turn table; —   pushing out device; —   pneumatic clamping of the saw blade; —   powered panel loading device; —   device for grooving by milling tool; —   one or more additional cutting lines inside the machine for longitudinal and/or head cut (before the transversal cutting line); —   workpiece vacuum clamping as part of a front side turn table or of a panel loading device; —   panel pusher; —   independent panel pushers; —   additional panel pushers mounted on the panel pusher carriage; —   additional panel pusher with integrated label printer device; —   lifting platform; —   device for automatic loading of thin panels; —   device for base board unloading by gravity; —   device for base board powered unloading; —   device for panel unloading in limited space condition; —   loading or pre-loading roller conveyors; —   pressure beam with additional flaps to increase dust extraction efficiency; —   saw blade cooling system by air or water-air or oil-air; —   vibrating conveyor with/without trimming unit for offcuts management; —   predisposition for top loading/unloading by an external system directly on the machine table and/or on the machine preloading roller conveyor and/or on the machine lifting table. NOTE     base board is a support panel underlying the panel stack, to protect the panels from damages during transportation. The machines are designed for cutting panels consisting of: a) solid wood; b) material with similar physical characteristics to wood (see ISO19085‑1:2021, 2); c) gypsum boards, gypsum bounded fibreboards; d) composite materials, with core consisting of e.g. polyurethane or mineral material, laminated with light alloy; e) cardboard; f) foam board; g) matrix engineered mineral boards, silicate boards; h) polymer‐matrix composite materials and reinforced thermoplastic/thermoset/elastomeric materials; i) aluminium light alloy plates with a maximum thickness of 10 mm; j) composite boards made from the materials listed above. This document does not deal with hazards related to: —   specific features different from those listed above; —   the machining of panels with milling tools for grooving; —   powered unloading of panels; —   rear half of split pressure beam on the front cutting line; —   the combination of a single machine being used with any other machine (as part of a line). It is not applicable to: —   machines intended for use in potentiall

This document specifies the requirements for the validation of the structural integrity for the following running gear structural components: - Components in the load path between the track and the car body (e.g. bogie frame, axlebox, or other equivalent components) and - Components that are in the traction and braking load paths without secondary retention. The following components are excluded from the scope of this document: - Structural components that are rigidly attached to the car body (e.g. bolsters directly attached to the car body or connected via slewing rings, centre pivots, etc.); - Equipment structures (e.g. traction motor housings, gearbox housings, and brake units), including components that are rigidly attached to them, that are not in the load path between the track and the car body; - Components for which the structural integrity validation requirements are regulated by other specific EN standards (e.g. wheels, axles, brake discs, bearings, coil springs etc.); - Suspension components including springs, dampers, elastic elements and their connecting elements; - Revolving components (e.g. drive train components etc.).