Maskinsäkerhet

The purpose of this document is to provide methods for quantifying the ride comfort of a passenger in a rail vehicle in response to the track sections it is operated over.
The methods aim to quantify the effects of vehicle body motions on ride comfort and to make the assessment of passenger comfort predictable, repeatable, objective and meaningful.
The methods and comfort scales are validated for people of good health.
This document applies to passengers in rail vehicles operating on heavy rail networks.
This document may also be used as a guide for example on urban rail systems, but their operational routes/environments may make it difficult to comply with the requirements of the test methods.
This document applies to measurements of motions. It also applies to simulated motions. Guidance is provided on:
— which method described within the document should be used for different scenarios;
— typical values for different comfort levels;
— the application of simulation.
This document excludes health and safety issues, non-passenger carrying vehicles, vehicle homologation and safety, limit values, motion sickness, discomfort caused by accelerating and braking, design guidelines and measurement technology.

This document addresses the measurement of source terms for environmental noise calculation for rail traffic (including light rail, such as trams, metros, etc). It is applicable to the measurement of in-service trains on operational tracks.
It is not applicable to type acceptance testing of rolling-stock or tracks, or to derive source terms for time domain models.
The following rail traffic noise source types are in the scope:
• Rolling noise ;
• Traction noise ;
• Aerodynamic noise ;
• Impact noise (e.g. rail joints, switch and crossings, wheel flats) ;
• Braking noise ;
• Bridge noise ;
• Squeal noise.
Noise from rail vehicles at standstill, such as stationary engine idling and auxiliary equipment at yards and stations is covered by EN ISO 3095:2013 for measurement procedures and operating conditions, and by ISO 3740:2019, and ISO 3744:2010 for the determination of sound power.
The calculation of the propagation of sound is part of generally standardized propagation models which are not addressed in this document.
Noise from fixed installations (e.g.: stations, depots, electricity sub-stations) are not in the scope of this document.
Source terms are specific to a vehicle and track type. The scope includes measurement procedures and conditions and sampling requirements.

1.1 This document specifies the constructional requirements for fans constructed to Group II G (of explosion groups IIA, IIB and hydrogen) categories 1, 2 and 3, and Group II D categories 2 and 3, intended for use in explosive atmospheres. NOTE 1 Operation conditions for the different categories of fans used in this document are defined in Clause 4. NOTE 2 For category 1 D fans, requirements provided in this document are not sufficient to ensure safety. In addition, explosion protection measures as specified in EN 1127 1:2019 are required to prevent ignition in the case of rare malfunctions. NOTE 3 Technical requirements for explosion group IIC (other than hydrogen) are not given in this document. Where such atmospheres are present, additional explosion protection measures as specified in EN 1127 1:2019 can be needed. 1.2 This document does not apply to group I fans (fans for mining), cooling fans or impellers on rotating electrical machines, cooling fans or impellers on internal combustion engines, vehicles or electric motors. NOTE 1 Requirements for group I fans are given in EN ISO/IEC 80079 38:2016. NOTE 2 The requirements for electrical parts are covered by references to electrical equipment standards. 1.3 This document specifies requirements for design, construction, testing and marking of complete fan units intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres in air containing gas, vapour, mist and/or dusts. Such atmospheres can exist inside (the conveyed atmosphere (flammable or not)), outside, or inside and outside of the fan. NOTE This document covers mechanical equipment, in particular fans. The “protection concept” as specified in EN ISO 80079 37:2016 is constructional safety. Requirements for marking are given in EN ISO 80079 37:2016. 1.4 This document is applicable to fans working in ambient atmospheres and with normal atmospheric conditions at the inlet, having — absolute pressures ranging from 0,8 bar to 1,1 bar, — and temperatures ranging from −20 °C to +60 °C, — and maximum volume fraction of 21 % oxygen content, — and an aerodynamic energy increase of less than 25 kJ/kg. NOTE 1 25 kJ/kg is equivalent to 30 kPa at inlet density of 1,2 kg/m3. This document can also be helpful for the design, construction, testing and marking of fans intended for use in atmospheres outside the validity range stated above or in cases where other material pairings need to be used. In this case, the ignition risk assessment, ignition protection provided, additional testing (if necessary), manufacturer's marking, technical documentation and instructions to the user, clearly demonstrate and indicate the equipment's suitability for the conditions the fan can encounter. NOTE 2 Temperatures below −20°C can be considered. Material suitability can require specific evaluation for these temperatures. With lower temperature the explosion pressure increases, which leads to increased test pressures (see A.3) and can require specific testing. Although the standard atmospheric conditions in EN ISO 80079 36:2016 give a temperature range for the atmosphere of −20 °C to +60 °C the normal ambient temperature range for the equipment is −20 °C to +40 °C unless otherwise specified and marked.

This part of ISO 16122 defines the general requirements to be fulfilled for the inspection of all types of sprayers for plant protection products used in agriculture, horticulture, forestry and other areas, except knapsack sprayers.
NOTE For knapsack sprayers, see ISO 19932–3.
The specific requirements for the different types of sprayers are defined in the relevant specific parts of ISO 16122. When used in conjunction with the relevant sprayer specific part (see Annex A), this part of ISO 16122 specifies the requirements and test methods for the inspection of sprayers in use.
The requirements relate mainly to the condition of the sprayer with respect to potential risks for the environment and its performance to achieve a good application.
This part of ISO 16122 also includes minimum requirements for the preparation of the sprayer for the inspection and the minimum safety requirements with respect to the safety of the inspector (test operator) during the inspection.

This part of ISO 16122, when used together with ISO 16122-1: 2015, specifies the requirements and test methods for the inspection of horizontal boom sprayers, when in use.
The requirements relate mainly to the condition of the sprayer with respect to its potential risk for the environment and its performance to achieve good application.
NOTE Requirements for the protection of inspectors during an inspection are given in ISO 16122-1:2015.

This part of ISO 16122, when used together with ISO 16122-1:2015, specifies the requirements and test methods for the inspection of sprayers for bush and tree crops, when in use.
The requirements relate mainly to the condition of the sprayer with respect to its potential risk for the environment and its performance to achieve good application.
NOTE Requirements for the protection of inspectors during an inspection are given in ISO 16122-1:2015.

This part of ISO 16122, when used together with ISO 16122-1:2015, specifies the requirements and test methods for the inspection of fixed and semi-mobile sprayers, when in use.
The requirements relate mainly to the condition of the sprayer with respect to its potential risk for the environment and its performance to achieve good application.
NOTE Requirements for the protection of inspectors during an inspection are given in ISO 16122-1:2015.

This document specifies methods for determining the sound power level of a noise source from sound pressure levels measured on a surface enveloping the noise source (machinery or equipment) in an environment that approximates to an acoustic free field near one or more reflecting planes. The sound power level produced by the noise source, in frequency bands or with A-weighting applied, is calculated using those measurements.
NOTE Differently shaped measurement surfaces can yield differing estimates of the sound power level of a given noise source which are accounted for in the uncertainty associated with this test method, or a noise
test code that refers to this method. An appropriately drafted noise test code (see ISO 12001) gives detailed information on the selection of the surface.

This document is applicable to empty-loaded changeover devices. The purpose of such devices is the generation of a load-related signal which causes the brake performance to be adjusted to the current vehicle mass.
The manually operated empty-loaded changeover devices change their output signal according to the position of the handles which together with the associated changeover plates serve as interfaces. The changeover plates read the required information for the operation of the empty-loaded changeover devices, i.e. brake weights for each position and the relevant changeover mass of the vehicle.
Automatic empty-loaded changeover devices sense a certain load threshold of the vehicle to automatically adjust the output signal when the mass of a vehicle reaches a defined value. This threshold is the changeover mass. Below this mass the vehicle’s brake system provides a reduced brake force. For the changeover mass or more the high brake force applies.
This document specifies the requirements for the design, testing and quality assurance of empty-loaded changeover devices.