Jordbruk

The standardization of the injection sites of animal species is related to different species and several fields of interest.
After decennia of market experience, migration of the transponder is still a problem in most animal species being identified by injectable transponders. Migration is related to several points. The major points are the injection site and the application of the injectable transponder, but the correct injection site can be related to the dimensions (length and diameter) of the injectable transponder. In dogs and cats, this is not a big issue, as the transponders that are commonly used are the smallest readily available. There are several publications that precisely describe the application of injectable transponders in an anatomical way, but there is a demand from the community to have a comprehensive overview of all aspects related to the application and use of injectable transponders for different animal species.

This document describes a method for the quantitative determination of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) in complete and supplementary feed and in forages by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) after solid phase extraction (SPE) clean-up.
The method has been successfully validated in a collaborative trial for the matrices complete feed for horses, supplementary feed for horses, supplementary feed for rodents, hay, alfalfa and grass silage. Validation was carried out for the PA and concentrations ranges listed in Table 1. It was demonstrated that the PA isomeric pairs senecivernine and senecionine as well as senecivernine-N-oxide and senecionine-N-oxide cannot be determined individually due to insufficient chromatographic separation. However, the sums of the individual PA of the isomeric pairs were quantified with sufficient reproducibility. Co-elution of other PA-isomers not included in the scope of the method shall be taken into account. A list of potentially co-eluting isomers is presented in Annex E.
Although the calibration range of the method protocol is specified from 10 μg/kg to 300 μg/kg, the results of the collaborative study showed, that the dilution of sample extracts with blank sample extracts enables for the quantitation of concentrations exceeding the calibration range. Satisfactory reproducibility was achieved when quantifying up to 1428 μg/kg for individual PA and up to 887 μg/kg for the sum of isomeric pairs.

This document specifies an analytical method to quantify nicotine of collected vapour product emissions by gas chromatography.