Produktionsteknik

This document gives guidelines for prevention of hydrogen assisted brittle fracture resulting from the manufacturing process (internal hydrogen embrittlement (IHE)). This document is applicable for parts or components made of high strength steels. It also advises on the relationship between material selection, manufacture including heat treatment, and coating.

This International Standard specifies the requirements and/or measures to eliminate the hazards or reduce the risks in the following groups of stationary grinding machines which are designed primarily to shape metal by grinding: Group 1: Manually controlled grinding machines without power operated axes and without numerical control. Group 2: Manually controlled grinding machines with power operated axes and limited numerically controlled capability, if applicable. Group 3: Numerically controlled grinding machines. NOTE 1 For detailed information on the groups of grinding machines, see the definitions in 3.1 and 3.4. NOTE 2 Requirements in this International Standard are, in general, applicable to all groups of grinding machines. If requirements are applicable to some special group(s) of grinding machines only, then the special group(s) of grinding machine(s) is/are specified. This International Standard covers the significant hazards listed in Clause 4 and applies to ancillary devices (e.g. for workpieces, tools and workpiece clamping devices, handling devices), which are integral to the machine. This International Standard also applies to machines which are integrated into an automatic production line or grinding cell inasmuch as the hazards and risks arising are comparable to those of machines working separately. This International Standard also includes in Clause 7 a minimum list of safety-relevant information which the manufacturer has to provide to the user. See also ISO 12100:2010, Figure 2, which illustrates the interaction of manufacturer’s and user’s responsibility for the operational safety. The user's responsibility to identify specific hazards (e.g. fire and explosion) and reduce the associated risks can be critical (e.g. whether the central extraction system is working correctly). Where additional metalworking processes (e.g. milling, turning, laser processing) are involved, this International Standard can be taken as a basis for safety requirements. For specific information on hazards arising from other metalworking processes, which are covered by other International Standards, see the Bibliography. This International Standard applies to machines that are manufactured after the date of issue of this International Standard. This International Standard does not apply to stationary honing, polishing and belt grinding machines and not to transportable motor-operated electric tools in accordance with IEC 61029-2-2 and IEC 61029-2-10. 

This International Standard specifies the requirements and/or measures to eliminate the hazards or reduce the risks in the following groups of turning machines and turning centres, which are designed primarily to shape metal by cutting. — Group 1: Manually controlled turning machines without numerical control. — Group 2: Manually controlled turning machines with limited numerically controlled capability. — Group 3: Numerically controlled turning machines and turning centres. — Group 4: Single- or multi-spindle automatic turning machines. NOTE 1 For detailed information on the machine groups, see the definitions in 3.5, features and limitations in 5.1.1 and mandatory and optional modes of operation in 5.1.2.1. NOTE 2 Requirements in this International Standard are, in general, applicable to all groups of turning machines. If requirements are applicable to some special group(s) of turning machines only, then the special group(s) of turning machine(s) is/are specified. NOTE 3 The automatic exchange of clamping devices are excluded from this standard This international standard takes account of intended use, including reasonably foreseeable misuse, maintenance, cleaning, and setting operations. It specifies access conditions to operators positions and manual load/unload stations. It presumes accessibility to the machine from all directions. It describes means to reduce risks to operators and other exposed persons. This international standard also applies to workpiece transfer devices including transport devices for loading/unloading when they form an integral part of the machine. This international standard deals with significant hazards relevant to turning machines when they are used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see 4). Risk analysis of hazards arising from other metal working processes (e.g. grinding, milling, friction welding, forming, electro discharge, laser processing) are covered by other standards (see Bibliography). However, if additional milling and grinding operations are provided hazard arising from additional clamping condition and ejection of parts shall be considered. This International Standard also applies to machines which are integrated into an automatic production line or turning cell in as much as the hazards and risks arising are comparable to those of machines working separately. This International Standard also includes a minimum list of safety-relevant information which the manufacturer has to provide to the user. See also ISO 12100:2010, Figure 2, which illustrates the interaction of manufacturer's and user's responsibility for the operational safety. The user's responsibility is to identify specific hazards (e.g. fire and explosion) and reduce the associated risks can be critical (e.g. whether the central extraction system is working correctly). This International Standard applies to machines that are manufactured after the date of issue of this International Standard.

ISO 11161:2007 specifies the safety requirements for integrated manufacturing systems (IMS) that incorporate two or more interconnected machines for specific applications, such as component manufacturing or assembly. It gives requirements and recommendations for the safe design, safeguarding and information for the use of such IMSs. ISO 11161:2007 is not intended to cover safety aspects of individual machines and equipment that may be covered by standards specific to those machines and equipment. Therefore it deals only with those safety aspects that are important for the safety-relevant interconnection of the machines and components. Where machines and equipment of an integrated manufacturing system are operated separately or individually, and while the protective effects of the safeguards provided for production mode are muted or suspended, the relevant safety standards for these machines and equipment apply.

This part of ISO 26622 specifies the dimensions for modular taper interface with ball track system: tapered shanks for automatic and manual tool exchange to be applied on machine tools (e.g. lathe machines, drilling machines, milling machines and turn/milling machine centres). A range of shank sizes is specified, with details of the coolant-sealing O-ring being given in Annex A. The shank incorporates a flange with a groove to enable automatic tool exchange. The tools can also be exchanged manually. The clamping of the shank can be realized by the use of locking balls of a standard size and by a variety of mechanisms.

This part of ISO 26622 specifies dimensions for modular taper interfaces with ball track system: tapered receivers for automatic and manual tool exchange to be applied on machine tools (e.g. lathe machines, drilling machines, milling machines and turn/milling machine centres). A range of receiver sizes is specified. The torque is transmitted by friction and locking elements.

This document specifies a uniform system for grouping materials for welding purposes. It can also be applied for other purposes, such as heat treatment, forming and non-destructive testing.

It covers grouping systems for the following standardized materials:

— steels;

— aluminium and its alloys;

— copper and its alloys;

— nickel and its alloys;

— titanium and its alloys;

— zirconium and its alloys;

— cast irons.