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1.1 Scope of prEN 1991-1-7 (1) prEN 1991 1 7 provides actions and rules for safeguarding buildings and other civil engineering works against identifiable accidental actions. NOTE 1 Identifiable accidental actions include impact from vehicles and internal explosions. NOTE 2 Rules on impact from vehicles travelling on a bridge deck are given in prEN 1991 2. (2) prEN 1991 1 7 also covers actions and rules for tying systems and key members; information on risk assessment; dynamic design for impact; actions for internal explosions; actions from debris. 1.2 Assumptions (1) The general assumptions of EN 1990 apply to prEN 1991 1 7. (2) prEN 1991 1 7 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts) and the other Eurocode parts for the design of structures.

(1) This document is applicable to the assessment and retrofitting of buildings and bridges in seismic regions, namely as given in a) to c):
a) To provide criteria for the assessment of the seismic performance of existing individual buildings and bridges;
b) To describe the procedure to be followed in selecting necessary corrective measures;
c) To set forth criteria for the design of retrofitting measures (i.e. design, structural analysis including intervention measures, final dimensioning of structural parts and their connections to existing structural members).
NOTE 1 For the purposes of this standard, retrofitting covers both the seismic upgrading (e.g. strengthening or adding a passive system) of undamaged structures and the repair and possible upgrading of earthquake-damaged structures.
NOTE 2 Annex E gives flowcharts for the application of this standard.
(2) Unless specifically stated, prEN 1998-1-1 and prEN 1998-5 apply.
(3) Reflecting the performance requirements of prEN 1998-1-1:2022, 4.1, this standard covers the seismic assessment and retrofitting of buildings and bridges made of the more commonly used structural materials: concrete, steel and composite, timber and masonry.
NOTE Annexes B, C and D contain additional guidance related to the assessment of reinforced concrete, timber and masonry structures, respectively, and to their retrofitting when necessary.
(4) This standard is intended for the assessment of individual structures, to decide on the need for structural intervention and to design the retrofitting measures that may be necessary. It is not intended for the vulnerability assessment of populations or groups of structures in seismic risk evaluations for various purposes (e.g. for determining insurance risk, for setting risk mitigation priorities, etc.).
(5) This standard provides (in its material-specific Clauses 8 to 11) criteria for the verification of the more common retrofitting techniques currently in use.
(6) This document gives specific rules for the assessment and retrofitting relevant to existing buildings and bridges of consequence classes CC1, CC2 and CC3, as defined in EN 1990:2023, 4.3.
(7) Although the provisions of this standard are applicable to all common categories of buildings and bridges, the seismic assessment and retrofitting of monuments and heritage structures often requires different types of provisions and approaches, depending on the nature of the monuments.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) The assumptions of prEN 1998-1-1:2022, 1.2, are assumed to be applied.
(2) The provisions of this standard assume that the data collection and tests are performed by experienced personnel and that the engineer responsible for the assessment, the possible design of the retrofitting and the execution of work has appropriate experience of the type of structures being upgraded or repaired.
(3) Inspection procedures, checklists and other data-collection procedures should be documented and filed and should be referred to in the assessment/design documents.

(1) This document is applicable to the seismic design of on-ground and elevated silos, on-ground, elevated and underground tanks, above-ground and buried pipeline systems, towers, masts and chimneys and ancillary elements attached to the aforementioned structures or in industrial facilities.
(2) Unless specifically stated, EN 1998-1-1:—2, and EN 1998-5:—4 apply.
(3) prEN 1998-4 is applicable in complement to the other relevant Eurocodes.
NOTE This document contains only those provisions that, in addition to the provisions of the other relevant Eurocodes, are used for the design of new structures, as listed in (1), in seismic regions. prEN 1998-4 complements in this respect the other Eurocodes.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) The assumptions of EN 1998-1-1:—2, 1.2, are assumed to be applied.
(2) It is assumed that the changes in a) and b) will not take place during the construction phase or during the subsequent life span for all structures covered by prEN 1998-4, unless proper justification and verification is provided:
a) substantial changes in the structural systems, supporting structures or attached ancillary elements listed in 1.1 (1);
b) substantial changes of masses or mass distribution. This includes, in particular, changes in production, such as specific changes of filling loads, filling states and ancillary elements.

(1) This document is applicable to the design and verification of new buildings and temporary structures in seismic regions. It gives specific rules for the design and verification relevant to buildings of consequence classes CC1, CC2 and CC3, as defined in EN 1990:2023, 4.3.
NOTE The assessment and retrofitting of existing buildings is covered in prEN 1998-3.
(2) Unless specifically stated, prEN 1998-1-1 and prEN 1998-5 apply.
(3) EN 1998-1-2 is applicable in complement to the other relevant Eurocodes.
NOTE This document contains only those provisions that, in addition to the provisions of the other relevant Eurocodes, are used for the design of new buildings and temporary structures in seismic regions. prEN 1998-1-2 complements in this respect the other Eurocodes.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) The assumptions of prEN 1998-1-1:2022, 1.2 are assumed to be applied.

This part of the ISO 16484 series specifies the hardware requirements in order to carry out building automation tasks.
This part of this standard relates to physical devices, i.e.:
— devices for human interaction like management stations or operator panels;
— devices for data storage and analysis like edge or cloud servers;
— devices for control applications like automation stations;
— devices for physical quantities acquisition like sensors and actuators.
This standard includes a generic system topology, based on a building network infrastructure, which includes both the devices inside the building envelope and those outside the building envelope.

This document specifies lighting requirements for humans in outdoor work places, which meet the needs for visual comfort and performance of people having normal, or corrected to normal ophthalmic (visual) capacity. Usual visual tasks and the avoidance of obtrusive light are considered.
This document specifies requirements for lighting solutions for most outdoor work places and their associated areas in terms of quantity and quality of illumination. In addition, recommendations are given for good lighting practice. This document does not specify lighting requirements with respect to the safety and health of people at work and has not been prepared in the field of application of Article 153 of Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union although the lighting requirements, as specified in this document, usually fulfil safety needs.
NOTE Lighting requirements with respect to the safety and health of workers at work can be contained in Directives based on Article 153 of Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, in national legislation of member states implementing these directives or in other national legislation of member states.
This document neither provides specific solutions, nor restricts the designers' freedom from exploring new techniques nor restricts the use of innovative equipment. The illumination can be provided by daylight, electric lighting or a combination of both.
This document is not applicable for the lighting of indoor work places and underground mining or emergency lighting. For indoor work places, see EN 12464-1 and for emergency lighting, see EN 1838 and EN 13032-3.

This document provides product category rules (PCR) for Type III environmental declarations for curtain walling as defined in EN 13830:2015+A1:2020, excluding openable infills. Openable infills should be addressed according to EN 17213. This document complements the core rules for the product category of construction products as defined in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019. This document is to be used in conjunction with EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, not replace it. NOTE The assessment of social and economic performances at product level is not covered by this document. The core PCR: - defines the parameters to be declared and the way in which they are collated and reported; - describes which stages of a product’s life cycle are considered in the EPD and which processes are to be included in the life cycle stages; - defines rules for the development of scenarios; - includes the rules for calculating the Life Cycle Inventory and the Life Cycle Impact Assessment underlying the EPD, including the specification of the data quality to be applied; - includes the rules for reporting the predetermined, environmental and health information that is not covered by Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for the product, construction process(es) and construction service(s), as relevant; - defines the conditions under which construction products can be compared based on the information provided by EPD. For the EPD of construction services the same rules and requirements apply as for the EPD of construction products.

1.1 Scope of prEN 1993-1-14 (1) This document gives principles and requirements for the use of numerical methods in the design of steel structures, more specifically for the ultimate limit state (including fatigue) and serviceability limit state verifications. It also gives principles and requirements for the application of advanced finite element (FE) and similar modelling techniques for numerical simulation which also covers safety assessment. (2) This document covers general methodologies such as the finite element method (FEM), finite strip method (FSM) or generalized beam theory (GBT) for modelling, analysis and design of steel structures made of the following members and joint configurations: a) hot-rolled profiles, b) cold-formed members and sheeting, c) welded plated profiles, d) stainless steel profiles, e) plate assemblies, f) shell structures, g) welded and bolted joints. In addition to the general design rules, specific additional rules can also be found in the relevant standard parts in EN 1993. (3) This document contains harmonized design rules in terms of the application of the numerical modelling methods, development of the numerical models, application of analysis types, result evaluation methods, and determination of the resistance of steel structures for different limit states. 1.2 Assumptions (1) This document gives rules intended for engineers who are experienced in the use of FE. (2) It is recognized that structural analysis, based upon the laws of physics, has been successfully researched, developed, historically or currently used for the design and verification of elements or whole structural frames. This remains appropriate for many structural solutions. However, when a more detailed understanding of structural behaviour is required, the methods described in this document can be useful for the professional design. (3) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts) and the other relevant parts of EN 1993-1 (all subparts) apply. (4) The design methods given in EN 1993-1-14 are applicable if - the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090-2 and/or EN 1090-4, and - the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993 (all parts), or in the relevant material and product specifications.

(1) EN 1993-5 provides rules for structural design of bearing piles and sheet piles made of steel. (2) EN 1993-5 provides rules for the structural design of steel elements for foundations and retaining wall structures constructed using steel piles. (3) EN 1993-5 is applicable to: — steel piled foundations for civil engineering works on land and over water; — temporary or permanent structures needed to carry out steel piling work; — temporary and permanent retaining structures made of continuous steel piling. (4) EN1993-5 does not apply to: — offshore platforms; — dolphins; — ground reinforcing elements. NOTE : Ground reinforcing elements include rock bolts; soil nails; sprayed concrete; wire mesh and facing elements. (5) EN 1993-5 does not cover the following aspects : — geotechnical design; — seismic design. NOTE 1 For geotechnical design refer to EN 1997 (all parts). NOTE 2 For the effects of ground movement caused by earthquakes refer to EN 1998-5. (6) EN 1993-5 provides methods for design by calculation and for design assisted by testing.

This part of ISO 4064|OIML R 49 specifies the metrological and technical requirements for water meters for cold potable water and hot water flowing through a fully charged, closed conduit. These water meters incorporate devices which indicate the accumulated volume. In addition to water meters based on mechanical principles, this part of ISO 4064|OIML R 49 applies to devices based on electrical or electronic principles, and mechanical principles incorporating electronic devices, used to measure the volume of cold potable water and hot water. This part of ISO 4064|OIML R 49 also applies to electronic ancillary devices. Ancillary devices are optional. However, it is possible for national or regional regulations to render some ancillary devices mandatory in relation to the utilization of water meters. NOTE Any national regulations apply in the country of use.

This part of ISO 4064|OIML R 49 is applicable to the type evaluation and initial verification testing of water meters for cold potable water and hot water as defined in ISO 4064-1:xxx|OIML R 49‑1:xxx. OIML Certificates of Conformity can be issued for water meters under the scope of the OIML Certificate System, provided that this part of ISO 4064|OIML R 49, ISO 4064-1:xxx|OIML R 49‑1:xxx and ISO 4064-3:xxx|OIML R 49‑3:xxx are used in accordance with the rules of the System. This part of ISO 4064|OIML R 49 sets out details of the test programme, principles, equipment and procedures to be used for the type evaluation, and initial verification of a meter type. The provisions of this part of ISO 4064|OIML R 49 also apply to ancillary devices, if required by national regulations. The provisions include requirements for testing the complete water meter and for testing the measurement transducer (including the flow or volume sensor) and the calculator (including the indicating device) of a water meter as separate units.

ISO 4064-3:2014|OIML R 49-3:2013 specifies a test report format to be used in conjunction with ISO 4064-1:2014|OIML R 49-1:2013 and ISO 4064-2:2014|OIML R 49-2:2013 for water meters for cold potable water and hot water.

ISO 4064-4:2014 applies to water meters used to meter the volume of cold potable water and hot water flowing through a fully charged, closed conduit. These water meters incorporate devices which indicate the integrated volume. ISO 4064-4:2014 specifies technical characteristics and pressure loss requirements for meters for cold potable water and hot water. It applies to water meters which can withstand: a) a maximum admissible working pressure (MAP) equal to at least 1 MPa [0,6 MPa for meters for use with pipe nominal diameters (DNs) ≥500 mm]; b) a maximum admissible temperature (MAT) for cold potable water meters of 30 °C; c) a MAT for hot water meters up to 180 °C, depending on class. In addition to meters based on mechanical principles, ISO 4064-4:2014 also applies to water meters based on electrical or electronic principles, and to water meters based on mechanical principles incorporating electronic devices, used to meter the volume flow of hot water and cold potable water. It also applies to electronic ancillary devices. As a rule ancillary devices are optional. However, national or international regulations may make some ancillary devices mandatory in relation to the utilization of the water meter.

ISO 4064-5:2014 applies to water meters used to meter the volume of cold potable water and hot water flowing through a fully charged, closed conduit. These water meters incorporate devices which indicate the integrated volume. ISO 4064-5:2014 specifies criteria for the selection of single, combination and concentric water meters, associated fittings, installation, special requirements for meters, and the first operation of new or repaired meters to ensure accurate constant measurement and reliable reading of the meter. In addition to meters based on mechanical principles, ISO 4064-5:2014 also applies to water meters based on electrical or electronic principles, and to water meters based on mechanical principles incorporating electronic devices, used to measure the volume of cold potable water and hot water. It also applies to electronic ancillary devices. Ancillary devices are optional. However, national or international regulations may make some ancillary devices mandatory in relation to the utilization of the water meter. The recommendations of ISO 4064-5:2014 apply to water meters, irrespective of technology, defined as integrating measuring instruments continuously determining the volume of water flowing through them.

This European Standard deals with the classification of Glass fibre Reinforced Concrete. This classification conforms to the needs of the design process of Glass fibre Reinforced Concrete components. This European Standard applies only if EN 1169 is followed. This standard does not include the design methods.

This document specifies test methods for identifying the performance of a Glass fibre Reinforced Concrete composition in terms of bending strength, water absorption, dry density, and dimensional variations. These methods can be used for type testing or for the evaluation of the uniformity of the production process. They can be used on Glass fibre Reinforced Concrete coupons prepared as described in this document, or on samples cut out of Glass fibre Reinforced Concrere products. A cyclic weathering type test is also described for information in Annex C.

This document defines the general processes, procedures and rules for production and production control of Glass fibre Reinforced Concrete used to manufacture products commonly used in construction, civil engineering, architecture and other applications. Glass fibre reinforced concrete can be produced from a range of mix designs comprising various materials and manufactured by different processes. This standard covers two primary production processes, namely Sprayed Glass faser Reinforced Concrete and Premix Glass faser Reinforced Concrete. This document does not cover concrete, where the glass fibre does not act as primary reinforcement but is used as an additive. It does not cover but can be used as guidance for injection and extrusion manufacturing processes.

This document acknowledges the field of application for taps, shower outlets, shower sets and shower systems used in water supply systems with a pressure range of (0,05 to 1,0) MPa (0,5 bar to 10 bar). The tests described in this document are type tests (laboratory tests) and not quality control tests carried out during manufacture. This document covers: - PN10 taps; - PN10 shower outlets; - PN10 shower sets; - PN10 shower systems. Following products are excluded from this document: - shower taps on its own; - taps for filling bathtubs; - the tub filling function of combined taps; - the function of a tap that delivers e.g. boiling water or sparkling water, etc.; - electric showers; - body or side jet showers. The conditions of use for taps and shower systems are given in Table 1. The conditions of use for showers sets and shower outlets are given in Table 2. Table 1 - Condition of use for taps and shower systems Water supply system Operating range of taps and shower systems Limits Recommended see Figure 1 dynamic pressure ≥ 0,05 MPa (0,5 bar) static pressure ≤ 1,0 MPa (10,0 bar) dynamic pressure (0,1 to 0,5) MPa [(1,0 to 5,0) bar] b temperature ≤ 70 °C a ≤ 65 °C a This maximum temperature limit can only be reached for short durations no greater than 1 h. b Measured at the point of discharge. NOTE Taps and shower systems for use at pressures lower than those in Table 1 are covered by in a separate standard. Table 2 - Conditions of use for shower outlets and shower sets Water supply system Operating range of showers Limits Recommended see Figure 1 dynamic pressure ≥ 0,05 MPa (0,5 bar) static pressure ≤ 0,5 MPa (5,0 bar) dynamic pressure (0,1 to 0,3) MPa [(1,0 to 3,0) bar] temperature ≤ 70 °C ≤ 42 °C Key 1 cold water 2 hot water 3 mains supply pipe (supply pressures up to 10 bar) 4 water heater Figure 1 - Supply system with a pressure range of (0,05 to 1,0) MPa [(0,5 to 10) bar] Health and quality requirements in accordance to European and national legislation for final materials in contact with water intendend for human consumption are not covered by this document.