Byggnadsmaterial och byggnader

1.1 Scope of prEN 1993-1-4 This document provides supplementary rules for the structural design of steel structures that extend and modify the application of EN 1993-1-1, EN 1993-1-3, EN 1993-1-5 and EN 1993-1-8 to austenitic, duplex (austenitic-ferritic) and ferritic stainless steels. NOTE 1 Austenitic-ferritic stainless steels are commonly known as duplex stainless steels. The term duplex stainless steel is used in this document. NOTE 2 Information on the durability of stainless steels is given in Annex A. NOTE 3 The execution of stainless steel structures is covered in EN 1090-2 and EN 1090-4. 1.2 Assumptions Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts), EN 1993-1-1, EN 1993-1-3, EN 1993-1-5 and EN 1993-1-8 apply. The design methods given in prEN 1993-1-4 are applicable if - the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090-2 and EN 1090-4, and - the construction materials and products used are as specified in EN 1993-1-1, EN 1993-1-3, EN 1993 1-5 and EN 1993-1-8, or in the relevant material and product specifications.

(1) EN 1993-1-10 contains design guidance for the selection of steel for fracture toughness and for through thickness properties of welded elements where there is a significant risk of lamellar tearing during fabrication. (2) Section 2 applies to steel grades S 235 to S 690. However section 3 applies to steel grades S 235 to S 460 only. (3) The rules and guidance given in section 2 and 3 assume that the construction will be executed in accordance with EN 1090.

1.1 Scope of prEN 1993-1-6 (1) prEN 1993-1-6 provides rules for the structural design of plated steel structures that have the form of a shell of revolution (axisymmetric shell). (2) This document is applicable to unstiffened fabricated axisymmetric shells formed from isotropic rolled plates using both algebraic and computational procedures, and to stiffened axisymmetric shells with different wall constructions using computational procedures. It also applies to associated circular or annular plates and to beam section rings and stringer stiffeners where they form part of the complete shell structure. The general computational procedures are applicable to all shell forms. (3) This document does not apply to manufactured shells or to shell panels or to elliptical shell forms, except that its computational procedures are applicable to all shell structures. This document does not apply to structures under seismic or other dynamic loading. It does not cover the aspects of leakage of stored liquids or solids. (4) Cylindrical and conical panels are not explicitly covered by this document. However, the provisions of subclause 9.8 can be used provided that appropriate boundary conditions are taken into account. (5) This document defines the characteristic and design values of the resistance of the structure. (6) This document is concerned with the requirements for design against the ultimate limit states of: - plastic failure; - cyclic plasticity; - buckling; - fatigue. (7) Overall equilibrium of the structure (sliding, uplifting, overturning) is not included in this document. Special considerations for specific applications are included in the relevant application parts of EN 1993. (8) Detailed formulae for the simple calculation of unstiffened cylinders, cones and spherical domes are given in the Annexes. (9) Provisions for simple calculations on specific stiffened shell types are given in EN 1993-4-1. (10) This document is intended for application to steel shell structures. Where no standard exists for shell structures made of other metals, including high strength steels, the provisions of this document are applicable provided the appropriate material properties of the metal are taken into account. (11) The provisions of this document are intended to be applied within the temperature ranges defined in the relevant EN 1993 application parts. (12) Where no application part defines a different range, this document applies to structures within the following limits: - design metal temperatures lie within the range −50 °C to +100 °C, except when using the special provisions given in 5.1; - radius to thickness ratios (r/t) within the range 50 to 2 000; - manufactured circular hollow sections according to EN 10210 and EN 10219 are outside the scope of this standard and are covered by EN 1993-1-1. However, if no other provisions are available, the rules of this document are useful for manufactured circular hollow sections. In particular, this document is applicable to the design of manufactured piles (see EN 1993-5) provided the imperfections and tolerance requirements of EN 1993-5 are adopted in place of those specified in prEN 1993-1-6, and where no other standard covers the specific pile geometry. NOTE 1 Experimental and theoretical data relating to manufactured circular hollow sections were not considered when this document was drafted. The application of this document to such structures therefore remains the responsibility of the user. NOTE 2 The stress design rules of this document can be rather conservative if applied to some geometries and loading conditions for relatively thick-walled shells. NOTE 3 Thinner shells than r/t = 2 000 can be treated using these provisions but the provisions have not been verified for such thin shells. ...

1.1 Scope of prEN 1993-1-7 (1) prEN 1993-1-7 provides rules for the structural design of assemblies of unstiffened and stiffened steel plates whose elements are under predominantly distributed transverse loads. (2) prEN 1993-1-7 is applicable to containment structures such as silos, tanks, digesters and lock gates, where the external actions chiefly act transversely on their individual plates or panels. Where a plate or panel under bending is additionally subject to membrane forces that have a significant effect on the resistance, this document covers assessment of the resistance through its computational analysis procedures. (3) prEN 1993-1-7 is applicable to structures with rectangular, trapezoidal or triangular component plate segments, each with one axis of symmetry. (4) prEN 1993-1-7 does not apply to plates or panels where the dominant structural resistance requirement relates to membrane forces in the plates (for these, see EN 1993-1-5). (5) prEN 1993-1-7 does not apply to plates or panels whose curvature (out of flatness) exceeds that defined in 1.1 (14). For such curved plates, see EN 1993-1-6. (6) prEN 1993-1-7 does not apply to circular or annular plates. For such plates, see EN 1993 1-6. (7) prEN 1993-1-7 does not apply to cold-formed sheeting. For such plates, see EN 1993-1-3. (8) This document is only concerned with the requirements for design of plates and plate assemblies against the ultimate limit states of: - plastic failure; - cyclic plasticity; - buckling; - fatigue. (9) Overall equilibrium of the structure (sliding, uplifting, or overturning) is not included in this document. Special considerations for specific applications are available in the relevant applications parts of EN 1993. (10) The rules in this document refer to plate assemblies that are fabricated using unstiffened or stiffened plates or panels. The document is also applicable to the design of individual plates or panels that are predominantly subject to actions transverse to the plane of each plate. Both frictional actions on the plate surface and forces imposed by adjacent components of the plate assembly also induce in-plane actions in each plate. (11) This document gives algebraic rules and guidance to account for bending with small membrane forces in the individual plates or panels. Where an unstiffened or stiffened plates or panels is subject to significant magnitudes of both bending and in-plane forces, the computational analysis procedures of this document apply. (12) Where no application part defines a different range, this document applies to structures within the following limits: - design metal temperatures within the range −50 °C to +100 °C; - the geometry of individual plate segments is limited to rectangular, triangular and trapezoidal shapes with b/t greater than 20, or b1/t greater than 20, as appropriate (see Figure 3.2); - Single plate elements are treated as flat where the deviation from flatness e0 meets the condition (see Figure 9.1). Where this criterion is not met, it is appropriate to treat the plate as a shell panel (see EN 1993-1-6). 1.2 Assumptions (1) Unless specifically stated, the provisions of EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts) and EN 1993 (all parts) apply. (2) The design methods given in prEN 1993-1-7 are applicable if: - the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090 2, and - the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993 (all parts), or in the relevant material and product specifications. (3) The provisions in this document apply to materials that satisfy the brittle fracture provisions given in EN 1993-1-4 and EN 1993-1-10. (4) In this document, it is assumed that wind loading, seismic actions and bulk solids flow can, in general, be treated as quasi-static actions. ...

(1) EN 1993-1-9 gives methods for the assessment of fatigue resistance of members, connections and joints subjected to fatigue loading. (2) These methods are derived from fatigue tests with large scale specimens, that include effects of geometrical and structural imperfections from material production and execution (e.g. the effects of tolerances and residual stresses from welding). NOTE 1 For tolerances see EN 1090. The choice of the execution standard may be given in the National Annex, until such time as EN 1090 is published. NOTE 2 The National Annex may give supplementary information on inspection requirements during fabrication. (3) The rules are applicable to structures where execution conforms with EN 1090. NOTE Where appropriate, supplementary requirements are indicated in the detail category tables. (4) The assessment methods given in this part are applicable to all grades of structural steels, stainless steels and unprotected weathering steels except where noted otherwise in the detail category tables. This part only applies to materials which conform to the toughness requirements of EN 1993-1-10. (5) Fatigue assessment methods other than the R-N methods as the notch strain method or fracture mechanics methods are not covered by this part. (6) Post fabrication treatments to improve the fatigue strength other than stress relief are not covered in this part. (7) The fatigue strengths given in this part apply to structures operating under normal atmospheric conditions and with sufficient corrosion protection and regular maintenance. The effect of seawater corrosion is not covered. Microstructural damage from high temperature (> 150 °C) is not covered.

This document gives requirements for defining format and content for library objects to support project inception, brief, design, tendering, construction, operations, use and demolition, supporting the development of information throughout the process, in connection with building information modelling
(BIM) and their organization into libraries.
This document:
— establishes requirements for defining template objects, generic objects and product objects in datadriven library and design processes;
— establishes requirements for graphical symbols and other graphic conventions for use on drawings for the built environment, giving principles and definitions for the symbolic and simplified visual presentation of objects. It also describes a rationale of symbolism which establishes rules for the
design of graphical symbols and other graphic conventions, and gives recommendations for the application of those rules and the ways in which symbolism should be used;
— covers purposes for characterizing the shape and measurement of library objects;
— covers purposes for specifying and assessing properties for library objects. It defines the information appropriate for specific uses including specification of the desired outcome (typically by designers and engineers) and the selection of identified products (typically by contractors and
subcontractors). It also gives recommendations for the application of assemblies in integrated BIM working.
This document is intended for all professionals and service providers who produce and use library objects with generic and product-specific data. This group includes, but is not limited to, product manufacturers and suppliers, library authors, designers and engineers, contractors, owners, maintainers and commissioners.

This document describes the main content of maintenance management and the main activities for which maintenance management is responsible.
The document is intended to guide maintenance managers and asset managers in charge of maintenance of items in industrial sectors (both manufacturing and services) and infrastructures/buildings in order to achieve the success factors of the organizations.

1.1 General
This document applies to Mechatronic door furniture (MDF) fitted on the door set which gives the possibility to control the locking and/or release part through an electronic authorization means. This can be operable by credentials (i.e. card, code, biometric).
The MDF according to this document is combined with locks according to EN 12209, EN 14846, prEN 15685 or may be a part of an emergency exit device according to EN 179, EN 1125 or EN 13637.
The MDF may be standalone or linkable to an external control system.
The document would allow classifying the MDF upon several characteristics such as category of use, durability, environmental, security, and type of operating device.
The suitability of the MDF for use on fire or smoke-door assemblies is determined by fire resistance tests conducted in addition to the performance testing specified by this document.
1.2 Exclusions
This document does not cover:
- mechatronic cylinders according to EN 15684;
- electromechanical operated locks and striking plates according to EN 14846.

The design method provided in this standard addresses vibrations induced by walking action of occupants and covers the following timber floor systems:
i) Light frame floors built with timber joists spaced at regular distance and a subfloor, and
ii) Mass timber floors built with mass timber panels such as cross laminated timber.
The standard consists of three elements: 1) a baseline vibrational serviceability design criterion for timber floors using fundamental natural frequency and 1 kN static point load deflection as the design
parameters; 2) equations for calculating the design parameters; and 3) a guideline for the design values of the physical and mechanical properties of floor components.
The design method is based on the assumption that the floor system has a single span and simple support conditions.
The standard allows individual jurisdictions to develop their own performance requirement levels following the guidelines and procedure described in ISO/TR 21136, and for adoption of other models to calculate the fundamental natural frequency and 1 kN static deflection.

This International Standard gives methods of determination of duration of load and creep factors under bending actions at ambient temperatures for a defined population of structural timber products such as solid timber, LVL, OSB, plywood, particleboard, I-beams calculated from test values.
It presents methods for:
a) Determination of duration of load and creep factors for new timber products,
b) Establishing whether a previously defined set of duration of load and creep factors can be applied to a tested product, and
c) An optional method for establishment of sensitivity of duration of load and creep factors to changes in environmental conditions
NOTE 1 This Standard is intended to apply to wood-based products for which a duration of load factor or a creep factor is used in design.
NOTE 2 The effect of elevated temperature on the duration of load factor and creep factor that is derived using these methods for use with timber products may need additional consideration.

This document specifies methods for measuring the sound pressure level from service equipment in a building or from other sound sources inside or outside of the building. This document specifically covers measurements of sanitary installations, mechanical ventilation, heating and cooling service
equipment, lifts, rubbish chutes, boilers, blowers, pumps and other auxiliary service equipment, and motor driven car park doors; however, it can also be applied to measurements of equipment or activities in in or nearby a building. To include noise from sport facilities, pubs etcetera inside or outside the
building. The measurement of noise from external sound sources generating ground-borne noise are not included in this standard.
The methods are suitable for rooms with volumes of approximately 300 m3 or less e.g. in dwellings, hotels, schools, offices and hospitals. The standard is generally not intended for measurements in large auditoriums and concert halls, nor where the source is located at a distance from the building
where sound propagation may change with weather conditions. However, the operating conditions and operating cycles in Annex B can be used in such cases.
The service equipment sound pressure level is determined as the maximum A-weighted and optionally C-weighted sound pressure level occurring during a specified operation cycle of the service equipment under test, or as the equivalent continuous sound pressure level in one–third–octave bands determined with a specified integration time. A-weighted and C-weighted values are calculated from one–third– octave–band measurements or optionally from octave–band measurements.

This document specifies two complementary test methods to assess the chemical reactivity of a pozzolanic or latent hydraulic cement constituent by measurements of heat of hydration (see Clause 5 and 8.3 Method A, Heat of Hydration) or bound water content (see Clause 5 and 8.4 Method B, Bound Water Content) of hydrated pastes composed of the cement constituent, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, potassium sulfate, and potassium hydroxide cured at 40 °C for 72 h and 168 h (3 days and 7 days).
These two test methods do not distinguish between latent hydraulic and pozzolanic reactivity. Therefore, these methods are used for measuring the chemical reactivity of following cement constituents as specified under EN 197-1 and EN 197-5: S, D, P, Q, V, W and T.
These test methods are used in complement with the current specifications on cement constituent reactivity given by EN 197-1 and EN 197-5, i.e. the reactive silicon dioxide content measured according to EN 196-2 for cement constituents P, Q and V; the compressive strength of specified test mortars determined according to EN 196-1 for cement constituents W and T, and the pozzolanicity of pozzolanic cements according to EN 196-5 for CEM IV type cements according to EN 197-1.
The test methods are used for qualification purposes if the cement constituents are tested at the fineness of the intended use.
NOTE In case the test methods are used for purposes of comparison of intrinsic reactivity, cement constituents are tested at similar fineness, where possible.
The test methods are also used for testing other new constituents that are latent hydraulic or pozzolanic and that are not covered by EN 197-1 and EN 197-5. However, for such new constituents the validity of the underlying correlations with strength development have not been verified; in consequence the test results can only be used for informative and indicative purposes.
Furthermore, these test methods are used in manufacturing control of cement constituents for assessing their latent hydraulic or pozzolanic reactivity.

This document specifies a method for preparing samples of bitumen and bituminous binders in order to test their properties.
WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies a method for determining the consistency of bitumen and bituminous binders. The normal procedure is described for penetrations up to 330 mm × 0,1 mm at 25 °C. The maximum penetration that can be tested is 500 mm × 0,1 mm.
WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use

This document specifies a method for measuring the combined effects of heat and air on a thin moving film of bitumen or bituminous binder simulating the hardening which most bituminous binders undergo during mixing in an asphalt mixing plant.
The method described is not applicable to some modified binders or to those where the viscosity does not allow to provide a moving film. In some cases, the sample may creep out of the glass container and flow on the heating elements of the oven during testing. The method is suitable for other bituminous binders than paving grade bitumen, but the reference temperature might give excessive hardening that do not resemble real conditions during mixing at the plant. The method may not represent the hardening that occurs during mixing of warm mix binders.
The method is referred to as RTFOT, i.e. Rolling Thin Film Oven Test.
WARNING — Use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to identify the hazards and assess the risks involved in performing this test method and to implement sufficient control measures to protect individual operators (and the environment). This includes appropriate safety and health practices and determination of the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
If there is a likelihood of volatile components being present in a binder, this procedure should not be used. It should not be used for cutback bitumen or bituminous emulsions before these products have been stabilized, e.g. in accordance with EN 13074-2.

The purpose of this document is to specify the terminology applicable to bitumens and bituminous binders; therefore, this document contains only terms and definitions.

This document specifies the scheme for the assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) of ground granulated blast furnace slag, including certification of constancy of performance.
The document provides technical rules for the factory production control, further testing of samples taken at the manufacturing plant (autocontrol testing) and the assessment of the performance of the ground granulated blast furnace slag, initial inspection of the manufacturing plant and of the factory production control and audit-testing of samples. It also provides rules for actions to be followed in the event of non-conformity and the requirement for depots.
This document is linked with the Annex ZA of the European Standard covering ground granulated blast furnace slag, i.e. EN 15167-1:2006.

This document establishes a terminology for the air filtration industry and comprises terms and definitions only.
This document is applicable to particulate matter and gas phase air filters and air cleaners used for the general ventilation of inhabited enclosed spaces. It is also applicable to air inlet filters for static or seaborne rotary machines and UV-C germicidal devices.
It is not applicable to cabin filters for road vehicles or air inlet filters for mobile internal combustion engines for which separate arrangements exist. Dust separators for the purpose of air pollution control are also excluded.

This part of EN 1366 specifies a test method for determining the fire resistance of smoke extraction ducts that are used for single compartment applications only. In such applications, the smoke extraction system is only intended to function up to flashover (typically 600 °C).
This method of test is only suitable for ducts constructed from non-combustible materials (euro class A1 and A2-s1, d0).
It is applicable only to four sided and circular ducts. One-, two- and three-sided ducts are not covered. This standard is applicable only for the standard sizes or smaller as described.
This test method of part 9 is applicable only to smoke extraction ducts that do not pass into other fire compartments. For smoke extraction ducts that pass into other compartments, the method of test described in EN 1366-8 is used.
The smoke extraction duct is part of the smoke extraction system which also includes smoke control dampers and smoke extract fans.

This document establishes a terminology for the air filtration industry and comprises terms and definitions only.
This document is applicable to particulate matter and gas phase air filters and air cleaners used for the general ventilation of inhabited enclosed spaces. It is also applicable to air inlet filters for static or seaborne rotary machines and UV-C germicidal devices.
It is not applicable to cabin filters for road vehicles or air inlet filters for mobile internal combustion engines for which separate arrangements exist. Dust separators for the purpose of air pollution control are also excluded.