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(1) EN 1991-1-1 gives rules on the following aspects related to actions, which are relevant to the structural design of buildings and civil engineering works including some geotechnical aspects: - specific weight of construction materials and stored materials; - self-weight of construction works; - imposed loads for buildings. (2) Mean values for specific weight of specific construction materials, additional materials for bridges, stored materials and products are given. In addition, for specific materials and products the angle of repose is provided. (3) Methods for the assessment of the characteristic values of self-weight of construction works are given. (4) Characteristic values of imposed loads are given for the following areas in buildings according to the category of use: - residential, social, commercial and administration areas; - areas for archive, storage and industrial activities; - garage and vehicle traffic areas (excluding bridges); - roofs; - stairs and landings; - terraces and balconies. NOTE The loads on traffic areas given in this standard refer to vehicles up to a gross vehicle weight of 160 kN. Further information can be obtained from prEN 1991-2:2021. (5) Characteristic values of horizontal loads on parapets and partition walls acting as barriers are provided. NOTE Forces due to vehicle impact are specified in EN 1991-1-7 and prEN 1991-2:2021. 1.2 Assumptions (1) The general assumptions of FprEN 1990:2022 apply. (2) EN 1991-1-1 is intended to be used with EN 1990, the other Parts of EN 1991 and the other Eurocode parts for the design of structures.

1.1 Scope of EN 1991-1-3 (1) EN 1991-1-3 gives principles and rules to determine the values of loads due to snow to be used for the structural design of buildings and civil engineering works. (2) This Part does not apply to sites at altitudes above 1500 m, unless otherwise specified. NOTE For rules for the treatment of snow loads for altitudes above 1500 m see 6.1. (3) This Part does not give guidance on specialist aspects of snow loading, for example: - impact snow loads resulting from snow sliding off or falling from a higher roof; - changes in shape or size of the construction works due to the presence of snow or the accretion of ice which could affect the wind action; - loads in areas where snow is present all year round; - lateral loading due to snow creep (e.g. lateral loads exerted by drifts); - loads due to artificial snow. 1.2 Assumptions The assumptions given in FprEN 1990:2022, 1.2 apply to EN 1991-1-3.

1.1 Scope of EN 1991-1-9 (1) EN 1991-1-9 gives principles and rules to determine the values of loads due to atmospheric icing to be used for following types of structures: - masts, - towers, - antennas and antenna structures, - cables, stays, guy ropes, etc., - rope ways (cable railways), - structures for ski-lifts, - buildings or parts of them exposed to potential icing, - towers for special types of construction such as for example transmission lines and wind turbines. NOTE Atmospheric icing on electrical overhead lines is covered by EN 50341-1. (2) EN 1991-1-9 specifies values for: - dimensions and weight of accreted ice, - shapes of accreted ice. (3) EN 1991-1-9 cover types of icing, ice loads acting on structures, and falling ice considerations. NOTE Wind actions on iced structures are covered by EN 1991-1-4. 1.2 Assumptions The assumptions given in FprEN 1990:2022, 1.2 apply to EN 1991-1-9.

1.1 Scope of EN 1991-1-5 (1) EN 1991-1-5 gives principles and rules for calculating thermal actions on buildings, bridges and other structures including their structural members. Principles needed for cladding and other attachments of buildings are also provided. (2) This Part describes the changes in the temperature of structural members. Characteristic values of thermal actions are presented for use in the design of structures which are exposed to daily and seasonal climatic changes. (3) This Part also gives principles for changes in the temperature of structural members due to the paving of hot asphalt on bridge decks. (4) This Part also provides principles and rules for thermal actions acting in structures which are mainly a function of their use (e.g. cooling towers, silos, tanks, warm and cold storage facilities, hot and cold services, etc.). NOTE Supplementary guidance for thermal actions on chimneys is provided in EN 13084-1. 1.2 Assumptions The assumptions given in FprEN 1990:2022, 1.2 apply to EN 1991-1-5.

(1) EN 1993-1-9 gives methods for the assessment of fatigue resistance of members, connections and joints subjected to fatigue loading. (2) These methods are derived from fatigue tests with large scale specimens, that include effects of geometrical and structural imperfections from material production and execution (e.g. the effects of tolerances and residual stresses from welding). NOTE 1 For tolerances see EN 1090. The choice of the execution standard may be given in the National Annex, until such time as EN 1090 is published. NOTE 2 The National Annex may give supplementary information on inspection requirements during fabrication. (3) The rules are applicable to structures where execution conforms with EN 1090. NOTE Where appropriate, supplementary requirements are indicated in the detail category tables. (4) The assessment methods given in this part are applicable to all grades of structural steels, stainless steels and unprotected weathering steels except where noted otherwise in the detail category tables. This part only applies to materials which conform to the toughness requirements of EN 1993-1-10. (5) Fatigue assessment methods other than the R-N methods as the notch strain method or fracture mechanics methods are not covered by this part. (6) Post fabrication treatments to improve the fatigue strength other than stress relief are not covered in this part. (7) The fatigue strengths given in this part apply to structures operating under normal atmospheric conditions and with sufficient corrosion protection and regular maintenance. The effect of seawater corrosion is not covered. Microstructural damage from high temperature (> 150 °C) is not covered.