Ämnesområden

1.1 Scope of EN 1991-4

(1) This document provides rules for calculating actions for the structural design of silos and tanks.

NOTE 1 Silos are used for the storage of particulate solids. Tanks are used for the storage of liquids.

NOTE 2 For limitations on rules for silos given in this document, see 1.3.

NOTE 3 For limitations on rules for tanks given in this document, see 1.4.

(2) This document includes some provisions for actions on silo and tank structures that are not only associated with the stored particulate solids or liquids (e.g. the effects of thermal differentials) but substantially affected by them.

NOTE Liquid loads on tanks are very precisely defined. Many loads on silos are not known with great precision. This document provides guidance for many practical situations for which very limited certain knowledge is available, and the information is derived from the limited experimental and analytical information available, coupled with conclusions drawn from failure investigations. The information is not based on a sound statistical treatment of experimental data.

(3) This document is intended for use with concrete, steel, aluminium, timber and FRP storage structures.

NOTE FRP is the standard acronym for fibre reinforced polymer materials.

(4) This document is also applicable for the structural assessment of existing silos and tanks, unless otherwise specified by the relevant authority or, if not specified, agreed between the relevant parties for the specific project.

NOTE 1 Changes in filling or discharge arrangements, changes in the wall friction of inner surfaces, or in the use of the silo, including storage of different particulate solids, can be reasons for assessing existing silos.

NOTE 2 Differentiation of the liquid stored can be a reason for assessing existing tanks.

1.2 Assumptions

(1) The assumptions of EN 1990-1 apply.

(2) This document is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990-1, with the other parts of EN 1991, EN 1992, EN 1993, EN 1995, EN 1997, EN 1998 and EN 1999 where relevant to the design of silos and tanks.

This document specifies the in-vehicle information (IVI) data structures that are required by different intelligent transport system (ITS) services for exchanging information between ITS stations (ITS-S). A general, extensible data structure is specified, which is split into structures called containers to accommodate current-day information. Transmitted information includes IVI such as contextual speed, road works warnings, vehicle restrictions, lane restrictions, road hazard warnings, location-based services and re-routing. The information in the containers is organized in sub-structures called data frames and data elements, which are described in terms of their content and syntax. The data structures are specified as communications-agnostic. This document does not provide the communication protocols. This document provides scenarios for usage of the data structure, e.g. in case of real time, short-range communications.

This document specifies an inspection procedure to be used by the purchaser where no prior agreement exists. It also specifies a reference acceptance procedure for acceptance or rejection of an inspection lot, when no agreement can be reached between the purchaser and the supplier, or where conformance to specification is disputed. It applies to inspection lots of bolts, screws, studs, nuts, pins, washers, rivets and other related fasteners. This document applies to fasteners not intended for high volume machine assembly, special-purpose applications or specially engineered applications requiring more advanced in-process control and lot traceability. For in-process control or final inspection by the manufacture and sorting, see ISO 16426.

This document specifies:

—   the interfaces between electronic fee collection (EFC) back-office systems for vehicle-related transport services, e.g. road user charging, parking and access control;

—   an exchange of information between the back-office system of the two roles of service provision and toll charging, e.g.:

—  charging-related data (toll declarations, billing details, payment claims, payment announcements),

—  administrative data (trust objects, EFC context data, etc.), and

—  confirmation data;

—   transfer mechanisms and supporting functions;

—   information objects, data syntax and semantics.

This document is applicable for any vehicle-related toll service and any technology used for charging.

The data types and associated coding related to the data elements described in Clause 6 are specified in Annex A, using the abstract syntax notation one (ASN.1) according to ISO/IEC 8824-1.

This document specifies basic protocol mechanisms over which implementations can specify and perform complex transfers (transactions).

This document does not specify, amongst others:

—   any communication between TC or TSP with any other involved party;

—   any communication between elements of the TC and the TSP that is not part of the back-office communication;

—   interfaces for EFC systems for public transport;

—   any complex transfers (transactions), i.e. sequences of inter-related ADUs that can possibly involve several APDU exchanges;

—   processes regarding payments and exchanges of fiscal, commercial or legal accounting documents;

—   definitions of service communication channels, protocols and service primitives to transfer the APDU.

Amendment

1  Scope

Replace the last paragraph with the following text (in which “any complex transfers (transactions), i.e. 

sequences of inter-related ADUs that can possibly involve several APDU exchanges has been removed”):

This document does not specify, amongst others:

— any communication between TC or TSP with any other involved party;

— any communication between elements of the TC and the TSP that is not part of the back-office 

communication;

— interfaces for EFC systems for public transport;

— processes regarding payments and exchanges of fiscal, commercial or legal accounting documents;

— definitions of service communication channels, protocols and service primitives to transfer the APDU.

Warning — Persons using this document should be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of any other restrictions.

Warning — It is absolutely essential that tests conducted according to this document be carried out by suitably trained staff.

This document specifies methods to determine 90Sr and 89Sr by liquid scintillation counting (LSC) or proportional counting (PC) in supply water, drinking water, rainwater, surface and ground water, marine water, as well as cooling water, industrial water, domestic, and industrial wastewater after proper sampling, handling and test sample preparation. The detection limit depends on the sample volume, the instrument used, the sample counting time, the background count rate, the detection efficiency and the chemical yield. The method described in this document, using currently available LSC and PC instruments, has a detection limit of approximately 2 mBq·l-1 and 10 mBq·l-1 for 90Sr and 89Sr, respectively, for a volume of 2 l and a measuring time of 60 000 s, which is lower than the WHO criteria for safe consumption of drinking water (100 Bq·l-1 for 89Sr and 10 Bq·l-1 for 90Sr)[4]. The methods described in this document are applicable in the event of an emergency situation. When contamination contains fresh fission products, the contribution of 89Sr to the total amount of radioactive Sr is not negligible. This document provides test methods to determine the activity concentration of 90Sr in presence of 89Sr, and to determine the activity concentration of 90Sr in large volume of water sample (>50 L). The analysis of 90Sr and 89Sr adsorbed to suspended matter is not covered by this method. Filtration of the test sample and a chemical separation are required to separate and purify Sr from a test portion of the sample as the analysis of 90Sr and 89Sr adsorbed to suspended matter is not covered by this method. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method selected for the water samples tested.

This document specifies the requirements for manual sampling of oilseeds by manual means or by automated mechanical means, for the purpose of assessing their quality and condition. Note An exemple of "condition" is an odour due to a treatment product. Stockpiles are excluded of the scope of this document.

This document specifies a device and a method for the determination of the image quality of radiographs using wire-type image quality indicators.

This document applies to hot rolled and cold rolled non-coated steel flat products made of multiphase steels for cold forming. It covers cold rolled products of thicknesses t < 3 mm and hot rolled products of thicknesses t ≤ 6,5 mm. These products are delivered in sheet, hot rolled strip, slit hot rolled strip, cold strip, slit cold rolled strip or cut lengths obtained from slit wide strip. Flat products of multiphase steels for cold forming can be delivered with an electrolytic zinc coating according to EN 10152.

Post-fire data collection for large outdoor fires will be reviewed based on available studies conducted for wildland-urban interface fires, urban fires, including post-earthquake urban fires, and informal settlement fires. These studies will be used to develop a standardized data collection methodology for large outdoor fires that may be used in the event of future large outdoor fire disasters. A standardized approach, at the international level, will is required to be able to assess and compare fire spread and damage across all these large outdoor fire types.

This document specifies methodologies for measuring the performance of AI models for classification, regression, clustering and recommendation tasks.

This document provides terminology, concepts, requirements, and guidance for humanoversight of AI systems. It is primarily intended for organizations placing on the market or putting into service AI systems and is not specific to any particular sector;

Applicable to test pieces cut from products of cellular materials. Useful for two purposes: a) studying the structure of cellular products in connection with their physical properties and their method of manufacture and b) ensuring product quality (quality assurance). Describes principle, apparatus, test piece and conditions, procedure and calculation and expression of the results. Three figures deliver the details for testing.

This document provides guidance to support information sharing on circular economy aspects throughout value networks by providing product-group agnostic data entries in a common data dictionary. This document provides a framework to guide organizations of all types and sizes. This document complements content-related aspects addressed in other standards or applications for data or information sharing through a digital product passport (DPP)and does not overlap with the DPP framework and system developed by CEN/CLC/JTC 24. This document is intended to help to set a framework for how to support information sharing on circular economy aspects throughout value networks but is not foreseen to be used for conformity assessment with regulations.

This document specifies methods and criteria for assessing the general safety and environmental performance of road traffic noise reducing devices under typical roadside conditions. Appropriate test methods are provided where these are necessary. The treatment of each topic is covered separately in Annexes A to F.

This part of ISO 6142 specifies a gravimetric method for the preparation of calibration gas mixtures in cylinders with traceable values for the amount-of-substance fraction (amount fraction) of one or more components. This part of ISO 6142 describes a method for calculating the uncertainty associated with the amount fraction of each component. This uncertainty calculation requires the evaluation of the contributions to the uncertainty due to factors including the weighing process, the purity of the components, the stability of the mixture, and the verification of the final mixture.This part of ISO 6142 is only applicable to mixtures of gaseous or totally vaporized components, which may be introduced into the cylinder in the gaseous or liquid state. Both binary and multi-component gas mixtures (including natural-gas type mixtures) are covered by this part of ISO 6142. Methods for the batch production of more than one mixture in a single process are not included in this part of ISO 6142.This part of ISO 6142 requires estimation of the stability of the mixture for its intended life time (maximum storage life), but it is not for use with components that react with each other unintentionally. This part of ISO 6142 also requires the impurities in each parent gas or liquid used in the preparation of the mixture to be assessed and quantified.

This document provides content and requirements for the design of multi-component thermal fluid huff and puff workflow during heavy oil fields development.

This document is applicable to the full cycle of heavy oil reservoir development with various reservoir characteristics including thin layers, thick layers, edge and bottom water, and medium and deep depth.

The general scope of the core product category rules (PCR) is given in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, Clause 1. This PCR is primarily intended for the creation of cradle-to-gate EPDs or the declaration of performance in relation to the environmental sustainability of cement, building lime and other hydraulic binders. In particular, “cement” refers to — common cements according to EN 197 1 [1], — very low heat special cements according to EN 14216 [6], — calcium aluminate cement according to EN 14647 [7], — supersulfated cement according to EN 15743 [9]; “building lime” refers to — building lime according to EN 459 1 [3]; “other hydraulic binders” refers to — masonry cement according to EN 413 1 [2], — hydraulic road binders according to EN 13282 [5], — hydraulic binder for non-structural applications according to EN 15368 [8]. In other respects, the scope is as in EN 15804:2012+A2:2019.

1.1  This document specifies the safety requirements and measures for —  cold presses, —  hot presses, —  bending presses, —  edge/face gluing presses, —  membrane presses, and —  embossing presses, where the pressing force is applied by hydraulic, pneumatic or electrical actuators pushing two flat or shaped surfaces against each other, capable of continuous production use, altogether referred to as “machines”. This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events as listed in Annex A, relevant to machines, when operated, adjusted and maintained as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer, including reasonably foreseeable misuse. Also, transport, assembly, dismantling, disabling and scrapping phases are taken into account. 1.2  This document is applicable to machines fitted with one or more of the following devices or additional working units, whose hazards have been dealt with: a)  a device for hot gluing; b)  a device for high-frequency gluing in the frequency range from 1 MHz to 400 MHz; c)  a device for high-frequency shaping in the frequency range from 1 MHz to 400 MHz; d)  an automatic workpiece loading and unloading system; e)  an intermediate additional platen; f)  a workpiece extractor; g)  a horizontal pressing system; h)  split moveable platens. 1.3  The machines are designed to process workpieces consisting of: a)  solid wood; b)  materials with similar characteristics to wood (see ISO 19085-1:2021, 3.2), except those with light alloy laminates/edges/profiles for high-frequency presses; c)  wood-based material such as chipboard, fibreboard and plywood composed/laminated with steel sheets/edges/profiles, except for high-frequency presses; d)  honeycomb board; e)  composite boards made from the materials listed above. 1.4  This document does not deal with any hazards related to: —  specific devices that differ from the list above; —  hot fluid heating systems internal to the machine other than electrical; —  any hot fluid heating systems external to the machine; —  operation of taking intermediate platens out and in again; —  the combination of a single machine being used with any other machine (as part of a line). 1.5  This document is not applicable to: —  frame presses; —  membrane presses where the pressing force is applied by vacuum only; —  presses for producing chipboard, fibreboard, OSB; —  machines intended for use in potentially explosive atmosphere; —  machines manufactured before the date of publication of this document.

This document specifies the safety requirements and measures for horizontal cutting cross-cut sawing machines with one saw unit (radial arm saws) with manual loading and/or unloading of the workpiece and capable of continuous production use, hereinafter referred to also as “machines”.

This document applies to superabrasive products containing natural or synthetic diamond or cBN (cubic boron nitride). It includes precision grinding and cutting-off wheels, non-precision cutting-off wheels, diamond wires, mounted points and other superabrasive products for non-precision grinding. It also applies to reconditioned superabrasive cutting-off wheels. This document specifies requirements and/or measures for the removal or reduction of hazards resulting from the design and application of the superabrasive products. This document contains also procedures and tests for verification of the compliance with the requirements as well as safety information for use, which will be made available to the user by the manufacturer. This document does not apply to bonded abrasive products, coated abrasive products, rotating dressing tools, truers or any non-rotating superabrasive products.