Ämnesområden

1.1 Scope of EN 1999-1-4 (1) EN 1999-1-4 gives design requirements for cold-formed trapezoidal aluminium sheeting. It applies to cold-formed aluminium products made from hot rolled or cold rolled sheet or strip that have been cold-formed by such processes as cold-rolled forming or press-breaking. NOTE 1 The rules in this part complement the rules in other parts of EN 1999-1. NOTE 2 The execution of aluminium structures made of cold-formed structures for roof, ceiling, floor and wall applications is covered in EN 1090-5. (2) EN 1999-1-4 gives methods for stressed-skin design using aluminium sheeting as a structural diaphragm. (3) EN 1999-1-4 does not apply to cold-formed aluminium profiles like C- and Z- profiles nor cold-formed and welded circular or rectangular hollow sections. (4) EN 1999-1-4 gives methods for design by calculation and for design assisted by testing. The methods for the design by calculation apply only within stated ranges of material properties and geometrical properties for which sufficient experience and test evidence is available. These limitations do not apply to design by testing. (5) EN 1999-1-4 does not cover load arrangement for loads during execution and maintenance. 1.2 Assumptions (1) For the design of new structures, EN 1999 is intended to be used, for direct application, together with EN 1990, EN 1991, EN 1992, EN 1993, EN 1994, EN 1995, EN 1997 and EN 1998. EN 1999 is intended to be used in conjunction with: - European Standards for construction products relevant for aluminium structures; - EN 1090-1, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 1: Requirements for conformity assessment of structural components; - EN 1090-5, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 5: Technical requirements for cold-formed structural aluminium elements and cold-formed structures for roof, ceiling, floor and wall applications.

1.1 Scope of EN 1999-1-5 (1) EN 1999-1-5 applies to the structural design of aluminium structures, stiffened and unstiffened, that have the form of a shell of revolution or of a round panel in monocoque structures. (2) EN 1999-1-5 covers additional provisions to those given in the relevant parts of EN 1999 for design of aluminium structures. NOTE Supplementary information for certain types of shells is given in EN 1993-1-6 and the relevant application parts of EN 1993 which include: - Part 3-1 for towers and masts; - Part 3-2 for chimneys; - Part 4-1 for silos; - Part 4-2 for tanks; - Part 4-3 for pipelines. (4) The provisions in EN 1999-1-5 apply to axisymmetric shells (cylinders, cones, spheres) and associated circular or annular plates, beam section rings and stringer stiffeners, where they form part of the complete structure. (5) Single shell panels (cylindrical, conical or spherical) are not explicitly covered by EN 1999-1-5. However, the provisions can be applicable if the appropriate boundary conditions are duly taken into account. (6) Types of shell walls covered in EN 1999-1-5 can be (see Figure 1.1): - shell wall constructed from flat rolled sheet with adjacent plates connected with butt welds, termed “isotropic”; - shell wall with lap joints formed by connecting adjacent plates with overlapping sections, termed “lap-jointed”; - shell wall with stiffeners attached to the outside, termed “externally stiffened” irrespective of the spacing of stiffeners; - shell wall with the corrugations running up the meridian, termed “axially corrugated”; - shell wall constructed from corrugated sheets with the corrugations running around the shell circumference, termed “circumferentially corrugated”. [Figure 1.1 - Illustration of cylindrical shell form] (7) The provisions of EN 1999-1-5 are intended to be applied within the temperature range defined in EN 1999-1-1. The maximum temperature is restricted so that the influence of creep can be neglected. For structures subject to elevated temperatures associated with fire, see EN 1999-1-2. (8) EN 1999-1-5 does not cover the aspect of leakage. 1.2 Assumptions (1) The general assumptions of EN 1990 apply. (2) The provisions of EN 1999-1-1 apply. (3) The design procedures are valid only when the requirements for execution in EN 1090-3 or other equivalent requirements are complied with. (4) EN 1999 is intended to be used in conjunction with: - European Standards for construction products relevant for aluminium structures; - EN 1090-1, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 1: Requirements for conformity assessment of structural components; - EN 1090-3, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 3: Technical requirements for aluminium structures.

This European Standard defines general terms relating to products of aluminium and aluminium alloys which are helpful for communication within the aluminium industry and with its customers . It includes terms dealing with aluminium products, processing, sampling and testing, product characteristics and different types of visual quality characteristics. It does not include terms dealing with bauxite mining, alumina and anode production and aluminium smelting. This European Standard tries to adhere as closely as possible to the terms and definitions used in other standards or documents. NOTE For materials other than aluminium, different definitions can apply to terms which are defined in this document. This European Standard tries to follow the "common language" as it is used in native English speaking countries, without giving preference to specific idioms of any one of these counties. In cases where in different English-speaking countries different terms are used for the same concept or different concepts refer to an identical term, the appropriate explanations are given.

This document specifies the evaluation of computer vision systems, in the sense of measuring the quality of a system’s results to assess its functional suitability. It provides a definition of evaluation methods for those systems, together with guidance on how to select, implement and interpret those evaluation methods. This document covers quantitative metrics as well as other evaluation methods. It includes requirements on the implementation of the described metrics, and further requirements on the technical resources involved in the evaluation process.

This document establishes the means to achieve an electronic representation of rolling bearing data by providing a reference dictionary needed to describe various data about rolling bearings together with their descriptive properties and domains of values in various International Standards relevant to rolling bearings.

This document is intended to facilitate the use, manipulation and exchange of rolling bearing data, for example, manufacturing, distribution and usage.

This document specifies a reference dictionary that contains:

—   a definition of a general class of bearings intended to be further extended by reference dictionaries specifying bearings in other International Standards;

—   definitions and identifications of the classes of rolling bearings as they are described in the various International Standards relevant to rolling bearings, with associated classification scheme;

—   definitions and identifications of data element types that represent properties of rolling bearings;

—   definitions and identifications of domains of values that prove useful for describing the above-mentioned data element types.

Each class, property or domain of values of this application domain constitutes an entry of the reference dictionary defined in this document. It is associated with a computer-sensible and a human-readable definition, and with a computer-sensible identification. Identification of a dictionary entry allows for unambiguous reference from any application.

Definitions and identifications of dictionary entries are defined by means of standard data, which consist of instances of the EXPRESS entity data types defined in the common dictionary schema and in their extensions defined in ISO 13584-25.

Identification dictionary is given in Annex A.

The following are within the scope of this document:

—   standard data that represent the classes of rolling bearings;

—   standard data that represent the properties of rolling bearings;

—   standard data that represent domains of values used for properties of rolling bearings.

The following are outside of the scope of this document:

—   methodology for structuring parts families used for specifying standard data defined in this document;

—   an implementation method by which the standard data defined in this document can be exchanged.

NOTE 1   The structure of the physical file used for exchanging the standard data defined in this document is specified in ISO 10303‑21.

NOTE 2   The physical file used for exchanging the standard data is compliant with ISO 13584-42:2010.

NOTE 3   It is intended to provide an OntoML-based (XML) representation of the standard data when ISO 13584-32 (OntoML) is published.

This document does not establish the reference dictionaries for linear motion rolling bearings and spherical plain bearings.

This document specifies a test method for evaluating the vapor inhibiting ability of volatile corrosion inhibitor materials to ferrous metals. This document is especially suitable for evaluating the vapor inhibiting ability of laminate, powder and liquid volatile corrosion inhibitor materials. This test method may be referenced for evaluating other forms of volatile corrosion inhibitor materials.

This document specifies a general method of test for comparing the colour of a coloured pigment with that of an agreed sample. Either of the procedures described in Clause 6 and Clause 7 is acceptable but the method using an automatic muller is the reference method.

This document specifies a general method of test for determining the pH value of an aqueous suspension of a sample of pigment or extender.

This document provides a method to calculate the GHG emissions from an LNG liquefaction plant, onshore or offshore. The frame of this document ranges from the inlet flange of the LNG plant’s inlet facilities up to and including the offloading arms to truck, ship or railcar loading. The upstream supply of gas up to the inlet flange of the inlet facilities and the distribution of LNG downstream of the loading arms are only covered in general terms. This document covers: —    all facilities associated with producing LNG, including reception facilities, condensate unit (where applicable), pre-treatment units (including but not limited to acid gas removal, dehydration, mercury removal, heavies removal), LPG extraction and fractionation (where applicable), liquefaction, LNG storage and loading, Boil-Off-Gas handling, flare and disposal systems, imported electricity or on-site power generation and other plant utilities and infrastructure (e.g. marine and transportation facilities). —    natural gas liquefaction facilities associated with producing other products (e.g. domestic gas, condensate, LPG, sulphur, power export) to the extent required to allocate GHG emissions to the different products. —    all GHG emissions associated with producing LNG. These emissions spread across scope 1, scope 2 and scope 3 of the responsible organization. Scope 1, 2 and 3 are defined in this document. All emissions sources are covered including flaring, combustion, cold vents, process vents, fugitive leaks and emissions associated with imported energy. The LNG plant is considered “under operation”, including emissions associated with initial start-up, maintenance, turnaround and restarts after maintenance or upset. The construction, commissioning, extension and decommissioning phases are excluded from this document but can be assessed separately. The emissions resulting from boil-off gas management during loading of the ship or any export vehicle are covered by this document. The emissions from a ship at berth, e.g. mast venting are not covered by this document. This document describes the allocation of GHG emissions to LNG and other hydrocarbon products where other products are produced (e.g. LPG, domestic gas, condensates, sulphur, etc.). This document defines preferred units of measurement and necessary conversions. This document also recommends instrumentation and estimations methods to monitor and report GHG emissions. Some emissions are measured and some are estimated. This document is applicable to the LNG industry. Applications include the provision of method to calculate GHG emissions through a standardized and auditable method, a means to determine their carbon footprint.

This document: —    provides the general part of the method to calculate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions throughout the liquefied natural gas (LNG) chain, a means to determine their carbon footprint; —    defines preferred units of measurement and necessary conversions; —    recommends instrumentation and estimation methods to monitor and report GHG emissions. Some emissions are measured; and some are estimated. This document covers all facilities in the LNG chain. The facilities are considered “under operation”, including emissions associated with initial start-up, maintenance, turnaround and restarts after maintenance or upset. The construction, commissioning, extension and decommissioning phases are excluded from this document but can be assessed separately. This document covers all GHG emissions. These emissions spread across scope 1, scope 2 and scope 3 of the responsible organization. Scope 1, 2 and 3 are defined in this document. All emissions sources are covered including flaring, combustion, cold vents, process vents, fugitive leaks and emissions associated with imported energy. This document describes the allocation of GHG emissions to LNG and other hydrocarbon products where other products are produced (e.g. LPG, domestic gas, condensates, sulfur). This document does not cover specific requirements on natural gas production and transport to LNG plant, liquefaction, shipping and regasification. This document is applicable to the LNG industry.

This document provides a method to calculate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during natural gas production (onshore or offshore), gas processing and gas transport to liquefied natural gas (LNG) liquefaction plant. NOTE         It can be applied to other gases as biogas or non-traditional types of natural gas. This document covers all facilities associated with producing natural gas, including: —    drilling (exploration, appraisal, and development) and production wells; —    gas gathering network and boosting stations (if any); —    gas processing facilities (if any), transport gas pipelines with compression stations (if any) up to inlet valve of LNG liquefaction plant. This document covers facilities associated with producing other products (such as, but not limited to, domestic gas, condensate, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), sulphur, power export) to the extent required to allocate GHG emissions to each product. This document covers the upstream facilities “under operation”, including emissions associated with commissioning, initial start-up and restarts after maintenance or upset. This document does not cover the exploration, construction and decommissioning phases or the losses from vegetation coverage. This document covers all GHG emissions associated with production, process and transport of natural gas to the LNG liquefaction plant. These emissions spread across scope 1, scope 2 and scope 3 of the responsible organization, as defined in ISO 6338-1. All emissions sources are covered including flaring, combustion, cold vents, process vents, fugitive leaks and emissions associated with imported energy. Gases covered include CO2, CH4, N2O and fluorinated gases. This document does not cover compensation. This document defines preferred units of measurement and necessary conversions. This document also recommends instrumentation and estimations methods to monitor and report GHG emissions. Some emissions are measured; and some are estimated.

This document specifies methods for determining fracture toughness in terms of K, δ, J and R-curves for homogeneous metallic materials subjected to quasistatic loading. Specimens are notched, precracked by fatigue and tested under slowly increasing displacement. The fracture toughness is determined for individual specimens at or after the onset of ductile crack extension or at the onset of ductile crack instability or unstable crack extension. In cases where cracks grow in a stable manner under ductile tearing conditions, a resistance curve describing fracture toughness as a function of crack extension is measured. In some cases in the testing of ferritic materials, unstable crack extension can occur by cleavage or ductile crack initiation and growth, interrupted by cleavage extension. The fracture toughness at crack arrest is not covered by this document. Special testing requirements and analysis procedures are necessary when testing weldments, and these are described in ISO 15653 which is complementary to this document. Statistical variability of the results strongly depends on the fracture type, for instance, fracture toughness associated with cleavage fracture in ferritic steels can show large variation. For applications that require high reliability, a statistical approach can be used to quantify the variability in fracture toughness in the ductile-to-brittle transition region, such as that given in ASTM E1921. However, it is not the purpose of this document to specify the number of tests to be carried out nor how the results of the tests are to be applied or interpreted.

Human-centred quality is an outcome and a measure of the extent to which requirements for usability, accessibility, user experience and avoidance of harm from use are met. This document describes the rationale, principles and activities needed to improve the human-centred quality of an organisation’s products, systems and services, and the significant business benefits that can be achieved. It provides requirements and recommendations for the principles that management needs to implement for achieving human-centred quality. The principles and activities address the needs of people directly interacting with the outputs of the development process as well as other people who are stakeholders in their operation. While the document is not intended to be directly applicable to organizational design and the design of work systems, it can be adapted for these purposes. It does not provide in detail coverage of the methods and techniques; processes that implement the human centred design approach are described in ISO 9241-220. This document does not address domain-specific health or safety requirements. The information in this document is intended for use by those responsible for planning and managing projects that develop products and services. It provides a framework for ergonomists and human factors professionals involved in human-centred activities to structure their work for integration in project planning and governance. This document operates within the framework of ISO 26800, that sets out the overall principles of ergonomics. The application of detailed ergonomics/human factors knowledge in specific domains can be used in conjunction with this document. These issues are addressed in a number of other TC 159 standards including parts of ISO 9241, ISO 6385, ISO 20282-1, ISO 11428 and ISO TS 20646.

ISO 29022:2013 specifies a shear test method used to determine the adhesive bond strength between direct dental restorative materials and tooth structure, e.g. dentine or enamel. The method as described is principally intended for dental adhesives. The method includes substrate selection, storage and handling of tooth structure, as well as the procedure for testing.

This document stipulates measures as well as requirements in respect to performance and safety for winches that are used in agriculture and forestry for logging and skidding work. It applies to permanently mounted and removable winches and their components, which are mounted on mobile and self-propelled forestry machines as defined in ISO 6814:2009, as well as to winches for forestry mounted on agricultural tractors that are used for forestry work. The document also applies to capstan winches and winches using driving sheaves or driving pulleys for forestry. It does not apply to winches: —     that are used for hoisting or lifting operations; —     that are used in draglines; —     that are used in in yarders, unless winches according to 5.17; —     designed for traction aid purposes; —     using operating and control voltages > 42 V; —     that are used with log splitters according to EN 609-1. It applies exclusively to winches that are used for dragging loads on horizontal and inclined ground during logging operations or which are used to support tree felling work. The significant hazards included in this document are identified in Annex A. This document is not applicable to winches manufactured before the date of its publication.

This document specifies the requirements for container shells for mobile waste containers with a capacity up to 1 700 l covered by EN 840-1 to EN 840-4. Only for container shells with volume optimization – CS-VO, the subcontainer is an applicable model. This document specifies the general performance characteristics of such shells as well as the test methods, and gives recommendations for installation.

This document specifies a banding band, style Z, for terminating individual and/or overall cable screens to cable outlets. The bands delivered in flat condition F (see Clause 6) need to be double wrapped prior to their installation. The bands delivered in condition C (see Clause 6) are factory pre-double wrapped and ready for installation.

This document specifies the technical requirements for a screw made of composite plastic for aerospace cabins and non-structural applications. Features of the screw are a hexagon head with flange and a six-lobe recess.

This document specifies the properties of a screw, hexagon head, flanged, with six-lobe recess made of composite for aerospace cabin and non-structural applications. Due to the polymer material the screws can also be used to avoid damage to varnish and coatings beneath the washer while tightening the screw.

This specification defines the process applicable to the lubrication with cetyl alcohol of aerospace fasteners such as threaded bolts, blind fasteners, nuts, lockbolts, pins and collars. It defines the product application methods and the relevant quality assurance requirements for the lubrication of the commonly used fastener materials: aluminium alloys, alloy steels, stainless steels, titanium alloys and nickel base alloys.