Anläggningsarbete

This International Standard establishes general principles regarding the procedure used in the construction and quality assessment of butt fusion jointing of polyethylene (PE) piping system components specified in accordance with relevant ISO standards. These components are installed in accordance with the relevant codes of practice, national regulations or industry guidance. Specifically, this International Standard specifies three butt fusion jointing procedures for PE pipes and fittings. These are:

 single low-pressure fusion jointing procedure;

 dual low-pressure fusion jointing procedure;

 single high-pressure fusion jointing procedure.

This International Standard takes into consideration the materials and components used, the fusion jointing procedure and equipment and the quality assessment of the completed joint. It may be applied in conjunction with appropriate national regulations and standards.

NOTE 1 The references for these procedures are given in the bibliography[1][2][3][4]. Single low-pressure fusion jointing procedure is derived from multiple procedures and agreed by experts, given in the bibliography [1][2].

NOTE 2 The three procedures detailed in this standard are based on those most commonly used. It is not the intention that one or more of these procedures should be used to replace well established and verified industry based procedures.

This document is applicable to the execution, testing and monitoring of geotechnical grouting work.

Grouting for geotechnical purposes (geotechnical grouting) is a process in which the remote placement of a pumpable material in the ground is indirectly controlled by adjusting its rheological characteristics and by the manipulation of the placement parameters (pressure, volume and the flow rate).

The following principles and methods of geotechnical grouting are covered by this document:

• displacement grouting (compaction and compensation grouting);

• grouting without displacement of the host material (permeation, fissure/rock grouting, bulk filling).

The principal objectives of geotechnical grouting are:

• the modification of the hydraulic/hydrogeological characteristics the ground;

• the modification of the mechanical properties of the ground;

• the filling of natural cavities, mine workings, voids adjacent to structures;

• inducing displacement to compensate for ground loss or to stabilize and lift footings, slabs and pavements.

Specialized grouting activities, generally associated with structural and/or emergency works, are not covered by this document.

The execution, testing and monitoring of jet grouting work is not covered by this document and is covered by EN 12716.

This part of prEN 13476, together with prEN 13476-1, specifies the definitions and requirements for pipes, fittings and the system based on unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U), polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) structured-wall piping systems that are intended to be used for non-pressure underground drainage and sewerage systems.

This part is applicable to pipes and fittings with smooth internal and external surfaces, designated as Type A.

It specifies test methods and test parameters as well as requirements.

This part is applicable to:

a) structured-wall pipes and fittings, which are intended to be used buried underground outside the building structure; reflected in the marking of products by "U";

b) structured-wall pipes and fittings, which are intended to be used buried underground both outside (application area code "U") and within the building structure (application area code "D"); reflected in the marking of products by "UD".

This part is applicable to structured-wall pipes and fittings with or without an integral socket with elastomeric ring seal joints as well as welded and fused joints.

This part covers a range of pipe and fitting sizes, materials, pipe constructions, stiffness classes, application classes, and tolerance classes and gives recommendations concerning colours.

NOTE It is the responsibility of the purchaser or specifier to make the appropriate selections from these aspects, taking into account their particular requirements and any relevant national regulations and installation practices or codes.

This part of EN 13476, together with prEN 13476-1, specifies the definitions and requirements for pipes, fittings and the system based on unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U), polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) structured-wall piping systems that are intended to be used for non-pressure underground drainage and sewerage systems.

This part is applicable to pipes and fittings with smooth internal and profiled external surfaces, designated as Type B.

It specifies test methods and test parameters as well as requirements.

This part is applicable to:

a) structured-wall pipes and fittings, which are intended to be used buried underground outside the building structure, reflected in the marking of products by "U";

b) structured-wall pipes and fittings, which are intended to be used buried underground both outside (application area code "U") and within the building structure (application area code "D"), reflected in the marking of products by "UD".

This part is applicable to structured-wall pipes and fittings with or without an integral socket with elastomeric ring seal joints as well as welded and fused joints.

This part covers a range of pipe and fitting sizes, materials, pipe constructions, stiffness classes, application classes, and tolerance classes and gives recommendations concerning colours.

NOTE It is the responsibility of the purchaser or specifier to make the appropriate selections from these aspects, taking into account their particular requirements and any relevant national regulations and installation practices or codes.

In the fifth paragraph, last sentence delete the final punctuation of the third item and add the following text:

";

— core drilling machines on sIn tand covered by EN 12348;

— hand-held machine (in particular machines covered by ISO 11148-5"

In the sixth paragraph, first sentence, replace "will conform to the requirements specified in this drilling and foundation equipment" with "is covered by this".

This European Standard specifies the common safety requirements for drilling and foundation equipment.

Part 1 of this European Standard deals with the significant hazards common to drilling and foundation equipment (see Annex A), when they are used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer associated with the whole life time of the machine (transport, assembly, dismantling, equipment in service and out of service, maintenance, moving on site, storage, disabling and scrapping).

NOTE 1 The requirements specified in this part of the standard are common to two or more families of drilling and foundation equipment.

This document gives safety requirements for all types of drilling and foundation equipment and is intended to be used in conjunction with one of parts 2 to 7. These machine specific parts do not repeat the requirements from part 1 but supplement or modify the requirements for the type of drilling and foundation equipment in question.

For multipurpose machinery, the parts of the standard that cover the specific functions and applications are used, e.g. a drilling machine also used as a piling machine will use the relevant requirements of FprEN 16228 parts 1, 2, and 4.

The following machines are excluded from the scope of this standard:

 tunnelling machines, unshielded tunnel boring machines and rodless shaft boring machines for rock according to prEN 16191;

 raise boring machines;

 drill rigs used in oil and gas industry.

NOTE 2 Specific requirements for offshore applications are not covered by this European Standard.

Where a drilling or foundation equipment of fixed configuration that is not intended to be separated is assembled using a carrier based on earth-moving equipment, agricultural equipment, or a crane, then the completed assembly will conform to the requirements specified in this drilling and foundation equipment standard.

Drilling and foundation equipment within the scope of FprEN 16228 parts 1 to 6 may include interchangeable auxiliary equipment within the scope of FprEN 16228 part 7, either as an integral part of its construction or as interchangeably fitted equipment.

If drilling and foundation equipment is intended to be used in a potentially explosive atmosphere, additional requirements will need to be met which are not covered by this standard.

This European Standard, together with part 1, deals with all significant hazards for mobile drill rigs for civil and geotechnical engineering, quarrying and mining when they are used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer associated with the whole life time of the machine (see Clause 4).

The requirements of this part are complementary to the common requirements formulated in FprEN 16228-1:2013.

This document does not repeat the requirements from FprEN 16228-1, but adds or replaces the requirements for application for mobile drill rigs.

In this document the general term "mobile drill rig" covers several different types of machines for use in:

— civil engineering;

— geotechnical engineering (including ground investigation, anchoring, soil nailing, mini-piling, ground stabilization, grouting);

— water well drilling;

— geothermal installations;

— landfill drilling;

— underpinning, tunnelling, mining and quarrying;

— for use above ground as well as underground.

Typically, the process of drilling involves the addition of drill rods, tubes, casings or augers etc., normally threaded, as the borehole extends to depth.

NOTE 1 For machines with torque greater than 35 kNm see FprEN 16228–4 initially.

NOTE 2 The term "drill rigs" includes rigs with a separate power pack supplied by the rig manufacturer.

This European Standard, together with part 1, deals with all significant hazards for horizontal directional drilling equipment (HDD) when they are used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer associated with the whole life time of the machine (see Clause 4).

The requirements of this part are complementary to the common requirements formulated in FprEN 16228-1:2013.

This document does not repeat the requirements from FprEN 16228-1, but adds or replaces the requirements for application for horizontal directional drills.

A machine is considered a horizontal directional drill if it is designed to drill in a shallow arc for the installation of pipes, conduits, and cables and typically has a drill string entry angle of less than 45° relative to the operating surface of the earth.

This European Standard, together with part 1, deals with all significant hazards for foundation equipment when they are used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer associated with the whole life time of the machine (see Clause 4).

The requirements of this part are complementary to the common requirements formulated in FprEN 16228-1:2013.

This document does not repeat the requirements from FprEN 16228-1:2013, but adds or replaces the requirements for application for foundation equipment.

In this document the general term "foundation equipment" covers several different types of machines used for installation and/or extracting by drilling (machines with a rotary torque greater than 35 kNm), driving, vibrating, pushing, pulling or a combination of techniques, or any other way, of:

— longitudinal foundation elements;

— soil improvement by vibrating and soil mixing techniques;

— vertical drainage.

NOTE Some foundation equipment may have an additional rotary head with a torque less than 35 kNm for pre-drilling applications; this equipment is covered by this standard.

Machines with one or more of the following characteristics are not covered by this standard, but are covered by FprEN 16228-2:

— machines that have a main rotary head torque of less than 35 kNm;

— machines that have multi-directional drilling capability;

— machines for which adding and removing rods or digging and drilling tools etc. is usually required during the installation/extraction process.

Typically the process of foundation techniques involves the installation of longitudinal elements such as concrete piles, steel beams, tubes and sheet piles, injection elements as tubes and hoses and casings for cast in situ.

This European Standard, together with part 1, deals with all significant hazards for diaphragm walling equipment when they are used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer associated with the whole life time of the machine (see Clause 4).

The requirements of this part are complementary to the common requirements formulated in FprEN 16228-1:2013.

This document does not repeat the requirements from FprEN 16228-1, but adds or replaces the requirements for application for diaphragm walling equipment.

2 Normative references

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 474-5:2006+A3:2013, Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 5: Requirements for hydraulic excavators

EN 474-12:2006+A1:2008, Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 12: Requirements for cable excavators

FprEN 16228-1:2013, Drilling and foundation equipment — Safety — Part 1: Common requirements

EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100:2010)

ISO 6395:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Determination of sound power level — Dynamic test conditions

ISO 6396:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Determination of emission sound pressure level at operator's position — Dynamic test conditions

This European Standard, together with part 1, deals with all significant hazards for jetting, grouting and injection equipment when they are used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer associated with the whole life time of the machine (see Clause 4).

The requirements of this part are complementary to the common requirements formulated in FprEN 16228-1:2013.

This document does not repeat the requirements from FprEN 16228-1, but adds or replaces the requirements for application for jetting, grouting and injection equipment.

Rigs for drilling, vibrating, pile driving, to be used for preparing holes for these applications are covered by FprEN 16228-2 and/or FprEN 16228-4.

Jetting, grouting and injection equipment is used in the preparation, transfer and application of grouting materials used for either:

— the improvement of ground condition; or

— the filling of voids e.g. around piles or ground anchors.

Jetting, grouting and injection equipment are constituted by all equipment and installations, operated by hand or electrically, pneumatically, mechanically or hydraulically powered, necessary for the following:

— mixing, storing, measuring and pumping of substances (cement suspension, mortar or chemical liquids/mixtures);

— jetting, grouting and injection processes (of/into subsoil) with low, medium or high pressure or vacuum systems;

— all types of pressure and wear resistant grout hoses, fittings, quick release coupling with thread or hose connection, ball valves and flexible pipes;

— all control systems, electrical or mechanical pressure and flow recorders, for monitoring the grouting;

— all jetting, grouting and injection accessories, such as: special tools, lances, rods, sockets, packers, retention clamps and swivel hooks.

This European Standard, together with part 1, deals with all significant hazards for interchangeable auxiliary equipment when they are used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer associated with the whole life time of the machine (see Clause 4).

The requirements of this part are complementary to the common requirements formulated in FprEN 16228-1:2013.

This document does not repeat the requirements from FprEN 16228-1, but adds or replaces the requirements for application for interchangeable auxiliary equipment.

This document specifies the specific safety requirements for interchangeable auxiliary equipment to be used in drilling and foundation operations, connected with drilling and foundation equipment, agricultural equipment and/or earth moving machinery when they are used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer.

Interchangeable auxiliary equipment includes pile installation and extraction equipment, impact hammers, extractors, vibrators, deep vibrators, static pile pushing/pulling devices, rotary percussion hammers, rotary drilling drives, drill mast equipment such as leaders equipped with a drill stem and gears attached to the boom of an excavator and casing oscillators/rotators.

Diaphragm wall cutting tools are dealt with in FprEN 16228-5.

This document specifies requirements for the:

— approval of training facilities, testing and maintaining the skills of aluminothermic welders and welding trainers. It applies to those aluminothermic welding processes compliant with the requirements of EN 14730-1. It requires that the system for training and testing of welders be approved by the railway authority;

— approval of aluminothermic welding contractors. It applies to those contractors using aluminothermic welding processes compliant with the requirements of EN 14730-1 and who employ welders in the possession of a valid permit to weld as defined in Clause 4 of this standard;

— acceptance of the final aluminothermic weld inspections and aluminothermic weld inspectors approved by the railway authority. It does not cover any previous weld inspections by the welder or others.

This document also applies to aluminothermic welds produced on Vignole railway rail 46 kg/m and above, as contained in EN 13674-1.

This document, in conjunction with ISO 11298-1, specifies requirements and test methods for cured-in-place pipes and fittings used for the renovation of water supply networks which transport water intended for human consumption, including raw water intake pipelines.

It applies to independent (fully structural, class A) and interactive (semi structural, class B) pressure pipe liners, as defined in ISO 11295, which do not rely on adhesion to the existing pipeline. It applies to the use of various thermosetting resin systems, in combination with compatible fibrous carrier materials, reinforcement, and other process-related plastics components (see 5.1).

It does not include requirements or test methods for resistance to cyclic loading or the pressure rating of CIPP liners where passing through bends, which are outside the scope of this document.

It is applicable to cured-in-place pipe lining systems intended to be used at a service temperature of up to 25 °C.

NOTE For applications operating at service temperatures greater than 25 °C guidance on re-rating factors can be supplied by the system supplier.