Anläggningsarbete

This document specifies a visual method of determining the amount and components of coarse foreign matter in reclaimed asphalt. A method for determining the amount and components of finer foreign matter in reclaimed asphalt is given in Annex A. This method does not completely categorize the foreign matter that can occur in asphalt.

NOTE 1 For the use of reclaimed asphalt in asphalt mixtures, it is important to know the components in the reclaimed asphalt and to what extent coarse foreign matter is present that can influence the properties of the asphalt mix.

NOTE 2 The method is not intended to categorize all foreign materials but rather to ensure that the amount of coarse foreign materials are minimized.

This proposed standard provides guidance on, the evaluation and comparison of wastewater softening and desalination processes for industrial wastewater reclamation and reuse with specific consideration for the following six: 1) chemical precipitation; 2) ion exchange; 3) nanofiltration (NF); 4) reverse osmosis (RO); 5) electrodialysis (ED) and 6) electrodeionization (EDI). The standard provides guidance on the characterisation of both influent and effluent quality (e.g. hardness, alkalinity, etc.) and the effects of these processes on those constituents. The purpose of softening and desalination is only for the reuse usages that have requirements for hardness and salinity, such as cooling circulating water, boiler water, production process water, and cleaning water.

This proposed standard includes the following sub-processes of wastewater softening and desalination processes:

a) wastewater softening processes based on chemical precipitation, ion exchange and NF, which aim to remove hardness ions, such as Mg2+ and Ca2+;

b) desalination processes based on ion exchange, RO, ED, EDI and NF, which aim to remove the most of total dissolved solids (TDS).

This proposed standard is applicable to:

a) industrial saline wastewater, which has been pretreated to remove most of the organic matters if necessary;

b) the selection or design of wastewater softening and desalination processes for reuse of wastewater from industries.

This document contains the terms and definitions of general concepts to establish a vocabulary applicable to buildings and civil engineering works.

It comprises:

a) fundamental concepts, which can be the starting point for other, more specific, definitions;

b) more specific concepts, used in several areas of construction and frequently used in standards, regulations and contracts.

This European Standard describes a test method for measuring a quantity representative of the intrinsic characteristics of airborne sound insulation for traffic noise reducing devices: the sound insulation index.

The test method is intended for the following applications:

— determination of the intrinsic characteristics of airborne sound insulation of noise reducing devices to be installed along roads, to be measured either in situ or in laboratory conditions;

— determination of the in situ intrinsic characteristics of airborne sound insulation of noise reducing devices in actual use;

— comparison of design specifications with actual performance data after the completion of the construction work;

— verification of the long term performance of noise reducing devices (with a repeated application of the method);

— interactive design process of new products, including the formulation of installation manuals.

The test method is not intended for the determination of the intrinsic characteristics of airborne sound insulation of noise reducing devices to be installed in reverberant conditions, e.g. inside tunnels or deep trenches or under covers.

Results are expressed as a function of frequency in one-third octave bands, where possible, between 100 Hz and 5 kHz. If it is not possible to get valid measurement results over the whole frequency range indicated, the results need to be given in a restricted frequency range and the reasons for the restriction(s) need to be clearly reported.