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This document is applicable to the execution, testing and monitoring of geotechnical grouting work.

Grouting for geotechnical purposes (geotechnical grouting) is a process in which the remote placement of a pumpable material in the ground is indirectly controlled by adjusting its rheological characteristics and by the manipulation of the placement parameters (pressure, volume and the flow rate).

The following principles and methods of geotechnical grouting are covered by this document:

• displacement grouting (compaction and compensation grouting);

• grouting without displacement of the host material (permeation, fissure/rock grouting, bulk filling).

The principal objectives of geotechnical grouting are:

• the modification of the hydraulic/hydrogeological characteristics the ground;

• the modification of the mechanical properties of the ground;

• the filling of natural cavities, mine workings, voids adjacent to structures;

• inducing displacement to compensate for ground loss or to stabilize and lift footings, slabs and pavements.

Specialized grouting activities, generally associated with structural and/or emergency works, are not covered by this document.

The execution, testing and monitoring of jet grouting work is not covered by this document and is covered by EN 12716.

In the fifth paragraph, last sentence delete the final punctuation of the third item and add the following text:

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— core drilling machines on sIn tand covered by EN 12348;

— hand-held machine (in particular machines covered by ISO 11148-5"

In the sixth paragraph, first sentence, replace "will conform to the requirements specified in this drilling and foundation equipment" with "is covered by this".

This European Standard specifies the common safety requirements for drilling and foundation equipment.

Part 1 of this European Standard deals with the significant hazards common to drilling and foundation equipment (see Annex A), when they are used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer associated with the whole life time of the machine (transport, assembly, dismantling, equipment in service and out of service, maintenance, moving on site, storage, disabling and scrapping).

NOTE 1 The requirements specified in this part of the standard are common to two or more families of drilling and foundation equipment.

This document gives safety requirements for all types of drilling and foundation equipment and is intended to be used in conjunction with one of parts 2 to 7. These machine specific parts do not repeat the requirements from part 1 but supplement or modify the requirements for the type of drilling and foundation equipment in question.

For multipurpose machinery, the parts of the standard that cover the specific functions and applications are used, e.g. a drilling machine also used as a piling machine will use the relevant requirements of FprEN 16228 parts 1, 2, and 4.

The following machines are excluded from the scope of this standard:

 tunnelling machines, unshielded tunnel boring machines and rodless shaft boring machines for rock according to prEN 16191;

 raise boring machines;

 drill rigs used in oil and gas industry.

NOTE 2 Specific requirements for offshore applications are not covered by this European Standard.

Where a drilling or foundation equipment of fixed configuration that is not intended to be separated is assembled using a carrier based on earth-moving equipment, agricultural equipment, or a crane, then the completed assembly will conform to the requirements specified in this drilling and foundation equipment standard.

Drilling and foundation equipment within the scope of FprEN 16228 parts 1 to 6 may include interchangeable auxiliary equipment within the scope of FprEN 16228 part 7, either as an integral part of its construction or as interchangeably fitted equipment.

If drilling and foundation equipment is intended to be used in a potentially explosive atmosphere, additional requirements will need to be met which are not covered by this standard.

This European Standard, together with part 1, deals with all significant hazards for mobile drill rigs for civil and geotechnical engineering, quarrying and mining when they are used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer associated with the whole life time of the machine (see Clause 4).

The requirements of this part are complementary to the common requirements formulated in FprEN 16228-1:2013.

This document does not repeat the requirements from FprEN 16228-1, but adds or replaces the requirements for application for mobile drill rigs.

In this document the general term "mobile drill rig" covers several different types of machines for use in:

— civil engineering;

— geotechnical engineering (including ground investigation, anchoring, soil nailing, mini-piling, ground stabilization, grouting);

— water well drilling;

— geothermal installations;

— landfill drilling;

— underpinning, tunnelling, mining and quarrying;

— for use above ground as well as underground.

Typically, the process of drilling involves the addition of drill rods, tubes, casings or augers etc., normally threaded, as the borehole extends to depth.

NOTE 1 For machines with torque greater than 35 kNm see FprEN 16228–4 initially.

NOTE 2 The term "drill rigs" includes rigs with a separate power pack supplied by the rig manufacturer.

This European Standard, together with part 1, deals with all significant hazards for horizontal directional drilling equipment (HDD) when they are used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer associated with the whole life time of the machine (see Clause 4).

The requirements of this part are complementary to the common requirements formulated in FprEN 16228-1:2013.

This document does not repeat the requirements from FprEN 16228-1, but adds or replaces the requirements for application for horizontal directional drills.

A machine is considered a horizontal directional drill if it is designed to drill in a shallow arc for the installation of pipes, conduits, and cables and typically has a drill string entry angle of less than 45° relative to the operating surface of the earth.

This European Standard, together with part 1, deals with all significant hazards for foundation equipment when they are used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer associated with the whole life time of the machine (see Clause 4).

The requirements of this part are complementary to the common requirements formulated in FprEN 16228-1:2013.

This document does not repeat the requirements from FprEN 16228-1:2013, but adds or replaces the requirements for application for foundation equipment.

In this document the general term "foundation equipment" covers several different types of machines used for installation and/or extracting by drilling (machines with a rotary torque greater than 35 kNm), driving, vibrating, pushing, pulling or a combination of techniques, or any other way, of:

— longitudinal foundation elements;

— soil improvement by vibrating and soil mixing techniques;

— vertical drainage.

NOTE Some foundation equipment may have an additional rotary head with a torque less than 35 kNm for pre-drilling applications; this equipment is covered by this standard.

Machines with one or more of the following characteristics are not covered by this standard, but are covered by FprEN 16228-2:

— machines that have a main rotary head torque of less than 35 kNm;

— machines that have multi-directional drilling capability;

— machines for which adding and removing rods or digging and drilling tools etc. is usually required during the installation/extraction process.

Typically the process of foundation techniques involves the installation of longitudinal elements such as concrete piles, steel beams, tubes and sheet piles, injection elements as tubes and hoses and casings for cast in situ.

This European Standard, together with part 1, deals with all significant hazards for diaphragm walling equipment when they are used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer associated with the whole life time of the machine (see Clause 4).

The requirements of this part are complementary to the common requirements formulated in FprEN 16228-1:2013.

This document does not repeat the requirements from FprEN 16228-1, but adds or replaces the requirements for application for diaphragm walling equipment.

2 Normative references

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 474-5:2006+A3:2013, Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 5: Requirements for hydraulic excavators

EN 474-12:2006+A1:2008, Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 12: Requirements for cable excavators

FprEN 16228-1:2013, Drilling and foundation equipment — Safety — Part 1: Common requirements

EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100:2010)

ISO 6395:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Determination of sound power level — Dynamic test conditions

ISO 6396:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Determination of emission sound pressure level at operator's position — Dynamic test conditions

This European Standard, together with part 1, deals with all significant hazards for jetting, grouting and injection equipment when they are used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer associated with the whole life time of the machine (see Clause 4).

The requirements of this part are complementary to the common requirements formulated in FprEN 16228-1:2013.

This document does not repeat the requirements from FprEN 16228-1, but adds or replaces the requirements for application for jetting, grouting and injection equipment.

Rigs for drilling, vibrating, pile driving, to be used for preparing holes for these applications are covered by FprEN 16228-2 and/or FprEN 16228-4.

Jetting, grouting and injection equipment is used in the preparation, transfer and application of grouting materials used for either:

— the improvement of ground condition; or

— the filling of voids e.g. around piles or ground anchors.

Jetting, grouting and injection equipment are constituted by all equipment and installations, operated by hand or electrically, pneumatically, mechanically or hydraulically powered, necessary for the following:

— mixing, storing, measuring and pumping of substances (cement suspension, mortar or chemical liquids/mixtures);

— jetting, grouting and injection processes (of/into subsoil) with low, medium or high pressure or vacuum systems;

— all types of pressure and wear resistant grout hoses, fittings, quick release coupling with thread or hose connection, ball valves and flexible pipes;

— all control systems, electrical or mechanical pressure and flow recorders, for monitoring the grouting;

— all jetting, grouting and injection accessories, such as: special tools, lances, rods, sockets, packers, retention clamps and swivel hooks.

This European Standard, together with part 1, deals with all significant hazards for interchangeable auxiliary equipment when they are used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer associated with the whole life time of the machine (see Clause 4).

The requirements of this part are complementary to the common requirements formulated in FprEN 16228-1:2013.

This document does not repeat the requirements from FprEN 16228-1, but adds or replaces the requirements for application for interchangeable auxiliary equipment.

This document specifies the specific safety requirements for interchangeable auxiliary equipment to be used in drilling and foundation operations, connected with drilling and foundation equipment, agricultural equipment and/or earth moving machinery when they are used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer.

Interchangeable auxiliary equipment includes pile installation and extraction equipment, impact hammers, extractors, vibrators, deep vibrators, static pile pushing/pulling devices, rotary percussion hammers, rotary drilling drives, drill mast equipment such as leaders equipped with a drill stem and gears attached to the boom of an excavator and casing oscillators/rotators.

Diaphragm wall cutting tools are dealt with in FprEN 16228-5.