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This document presents guidelines for sampling strategies and characterization processes to assess the contamination of soils, buildings and infrastructures, prior to remediation and/or to check that the remediation objectives have been met (final release surveys). The principles presented need to be appropriately graded as regards the specific situations concerned (size, level of contamination…). It can be used in conjunction with each country’s key documentation.

This document deals with characterization in relation to site remediation. It applies to sites contaminated after normal operation of older nuclear facilities. It could also apply to site remediation after a major accident, and in this case the input data will be linked to the accident involved.

The document complements existing standards, notably concerning sampling, sample preservation and their transport, treatment and laboratory measurements, but also those related to in situ chemical and radiological measurements. References in the Bibliography contain links to appropriate documentation and techniques as required by individual member countries.

The document does not apply to the following issues: execution of clean-up works, sampling and characterization of waste (conditioned or unconditioned) or to waste packages.

It does not apply to groundwater characterization (saturated zone).

Given the case-by-case nature of site remediation and decommissioning, the principles and guidance communicated in this document are intended as general guidance only, not prescriptive requirements.

This document provides a procedure for the evaluation of irradiation data in the region between the reactor core and the inside surface of the containment vessel, through the pressure vessel and the reactor cavity, between the ends of active fuel assemblies, given the neutron source in the core.

NOTE These irradiation data could be neutron fluence or displacements per atom (dpa), and Helium production.

The evaluation employs both neutron flux computations and measurement data from in-vessel and cavity dosimetry, as appropriate. This document applies to pressurized water reactors (PWRs), boiling water reactors (BWRs), and pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs).

This document also provides a procedure for evaluating neutron damage properties at the reactor pressure vessel and internal components of PWRs, BWRs, and PHWRs. Damage properties are focused on atomic displacement damage caused by direct displacements of atoms due to collisions with neutrons and indirect damage caused by gas production, both of which are strongly dependent on the neutron energy spectrum. Therefore, for a given neutron fluence and neutron energy spectrum, calculations of the total accumulated number of atomic displacements are important data to be used for reactor life management.

This European Standard specifies the requirements for the safety of persons and property, provides guidance for the protection of the environment and establishes procedures for the operation, maintenance and repair of refrigerating systems and the recovery of refrigerants. The term "refrigerating system" used in this European Standard includes heat pumps. This part of EN 378 specifies the classification and selection criteria applicable to refrigerating systems. These classification and selection criteria are used in parts 2, 3 and 4. This standard applies: a) to refrigerating systems, stationary or mobile, of all sizes except to vehicle air conditioning systems covered by a specific product standard e.g. ISO 13043; b) to secondary cooling or heating systems; c) to the location of the refrigerating systems; d) to replaced parts and added components after adoption of this standard if they are not identical in function and in the capacity; Systems using refrigerants other than those listed in Annex E of this European Standard are not covered by this standard. Annex C specifies how to determine the amount of refrigerant permitted in a given space, which when exceeded, requires additional protective measures to reduce the risk. Annex E specifies criteria for safety and environmental considerations of different refrigerants used in refrigeration and air conditioning. This standard is not applicable to refrigerating systems and heat pumps which were manufactured before the date of its publication as a European Standard except for extensions and modifications to the system which were implemented after publication. This standard is applicable to new refrigerating systems, extensions or modifications of already existing systems, and for existing stationary systems, being transferred to and operated on another site. This standard also applies in the case of the conversion of a system to another refrigerant type, in which case conformity to the relevant clauses of pa ...

This European Standard specifies the requirements for the safety of persons and property, provides guidance for the protection of the environment and establishes procedures for the operation, maintenance and repair of refrigerating systems and the recovery of refrigerants. The term "refrigerating system" used in this European Standard includes heat pumps. This Part 2 of this Standard is applicable to the design, construction and installation of refrigerating systems including piping, components and materials. It includes ancillary equipment not covered in FprEN 378-1:2016, FprEN 378-3:2016 or FprEN 378-4:2016 which is directly associated with these systems. It also specifies requirements for testing, commissioning, marking and documentation. Requirements for secondary heat transfer circuits are excluded except for any protection requirements associated with the refrigerating system. Ancillary equipment includes, for example, fans, fan motors, electrical motors and transmission assemblies for open compressor systems. This standard applies: a) to refrigerating systems, stationary or mobile, of all sizes except to vehicle air conditioning systems covered by a specific product standard, e.g. ISO 13043; b) to secondary cooling or heating systems; c) to the location of the refrigerating systems; d) to replaced parts and added components after adoption of this standard if they are not identical in function and in the capacity. Systems using refrigerants other than those listed in Annex E of FprEN-378 1:2016 are not covered by this standard. This standard does not apply to goods in storage. This standard is not applicable to refrigerating systems which were manufactured before the date of its publication as a European Standard except for extensions and modifications to the system which were implemented after publication. This standard is applicable to new refrigerating systems, extensions or modifications of already existing systems, and for existing stationary sy ...

This European Standard specifies the requirements for the safety of persons and property, provides guidance for the protection of the environment and establishes procedures for the operation, maintenance and repair of refrigerating systems and the recovery of refrigerants. The term "refrigerating system" used in this European Standard includes heat pumps. This Part 3 of the European Standard is applicable to the installation site (plant space and services). It specifies requirements on the site for safety, which may be needed because of, but not directly connected with, the refrigerating system and its ancillary components. This standard applies: a) to refrigerating systems, stationary or mobile, of all sizes except to vehicle air conditioning systems covered by a specific product standard e.g. ISO 13043; b) to secondary cooling or heating systems; c) to the location of the refrigerating systems; d) to replaced parts and added components after adoption of this standard if they are not identical in function and in the capacity. Systems using refrigerants other than those listed in of FprEN 378-1:2016, Annex E are not covered by this standard. This standard does not apply to goods in storage. This standard is not applicable to refrigerating systems which were manufactured before the date of its publication as a European Standard except for extensions and modifications to the system which were implemented after publication. This standard is applicable to new refrigerating systems, extensions or modifications of already existing systems, and for existing stationary systems, being transferred to and operated on another site. This standard also applies in the case of the conversion of a system for another refrigerant type, in which case conformity with the relevant clauses of parts 1 to 4 of the standard shall be assessed.

This International Standard provides for the following:

— compatibility of cylinders for the transport of uranium hexafluoride (UF6) among different users,

— description of cylinder designs, but is not intended to develop new designs,

— fabrication requirements for the procurement of new cylinders designed for the transport of 0,1 kg or more of uranium hexafluoride,

— fabrication requirements for the procurement of new valve protections, valves and plugs, and

— requirements for cylinders and valve protections in service.