Energi- och värmeöverföring

This document provides principles and requirements for safe handling and storage of solid biofuels pellets in commercial and industrial applications. It uses a risk based approach to determine what safety measures should be considered.

This document covers the handling and storage process of pellets in the following applications;

 — at a pellet production plant from the outlet of the cooler unit until loaded for transportation

— at a commercial distributor from the receiving station until loaded for transportation and

— at an industrial end-user from the receiving station until fed into the fuel preparation or combustion process.

Although unloading and loading of e.g. vessels, trains or trucks are included, the safety issues following the loading and transport itself are not.

This document also gives specific guidance on detection and suppression systems and preparatory measures to enable safe and efficient firefighting operations. Guidance on the management of fire and explosion incidents is also specified.

This document specifies the requirements for personal contamination monitoring and dose assessment following wounds involving radioactive materials. It includes requirements for the direct monitoring at the wound site, monitoring of uptake of radionuclides into the body and assessment of local and systemic doses following the wound event.

It does not address:

— Details of monitoring and assessment methods for specific radionuclides;

— Monitoring and dose assessment for materials in contact with intact skin, including hot particles;

— Therapeutic protocols.

This document specifies the dose assessment method when an RPLD is used for dosimetry audit in external high energy X-ray beam radiotherapy.

The dosimetry for electron beams and X-ray beams of stereotactic radiotherapy, gamma-ray of brachytherapy is not included in this version.

This document addresses RPLD handling, measurement method, conversion of measured value to dose, necessary correction coefficient, and the performance requirements for RPLD systems including reader.

This document applies to the testing of surfaces which may become contaminated by radioactive materials.

The ease of decontamination is a property of a surface and an important criterion for selecting surface materials used in the nuclear industry, interim storage or disposal facilities from which contamination can be removed easily and rapidly without damaging the surface. The test described in this document is a rapid laboratory-based method to compare the ease of decontamination of different surface materials.

The results from the test may be one parameter to take into account when selecting surface coatings such as varnish or imperious layers such as ceramics and other surfaces. The radionuclides used in this test are those commonly found in the nuclear industry (137Cs, 134Cs and 60Co) in aqueous form. The test can also be adopted for use with other radionuclides and other chemical forms, depending on the customer requirements, if the solutions are chemically stable and do not corrode the test specimen.

The test does not measure the ease of decontamination of the surface materials in practical use, as this depends on the radionuclide(s) present, their chemical form, the duration of exposure to the contaminant and the environmental conditions amongst other factors.

The test method is not intended to describe general decontamination procedures or to assess the efficiency of decontamination procedures (see ISO 7503- series).

In practical applications, it may be important to consider other factors, such as chemical, mechanical and radiation resistance and long-term stability in the selection of the materials to be used. It should be recognized that further decontamination tests under simulated service conditions may be needed.

This document specifies the different leakage test methods for sealed sources. It gives a comprehensive set of procedures using radioactive and non-radioactive means.

This document applies to the following situations:

— leakage testing of test sources following design classification testing in accordance with ISO 2919;

— production quality control testing of sealed sources;

— periodic inspections of the sealed sources performed at regular intervals, during the working life.

Annex A of this document gives guidance to the user in the choice of the most suitable method(s) according to situation and source type.

It is recognized that there may be circumstances where special tests, not described in this document, are required.

It is emphasized, however, that insofar as production, use, storage and transport of sealed radioactive sources are concerned, compliance with this document is no substitute for complying with the requirements of the relevant IAEA regulations and other relevant national regulations. It is also recognized that countries may enact statutory regulations which specify exemptions for tests, according to sealed source type, design, working environment, and activity (e.g., for very low activity reference sources where the total activity is less than the leakage test limit).

This document provides practical guidance and examples for establishing, implementing, maintaining

and improving an energy management system (EnMS) in accordance with the systematic approach of

ISO 50001:2018. The guidance in this Document is applicable to any organization.

This document does not provide guidance on how to develop an integrated management system.

While the guidance in this document is consistent with the ISO 50001:2018 EnMS model, it does not

provide interpretations of the requirements of ISO 50001:2018.