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This document describes the principles for the measurement of the activity of 90Sr in equilibrium with 90Y and 89Sr, pure beta emitting radionuclides, in soil samples. Different chemical separation methods are presented to produce strontium and yttrium sources, the activity of which is determined using proportional counter (PC) or liquid scintillation counter (LSC). 90Sr can be obtained from the test samples when the equilibrium between 90Sr and 90Y is reached or through direct 90Y measurement. The selection of the measuring method depends on the origin of the contamination, the characteristics of the soil to be analysed, the required accuracy of measurement and the resources of the available laboratories.

These methods are used for soil monitoring following, past or present, accidental or routine, liquid or gaseous discharges. It also covers the monitoring of contamination caused by global fallout.

In case of recent fallout immediately following a nuclear accident, the contribution of 89Sr to the total amount of strontium activity will not be negligible. This standard provides the measurement method to determine the activity of 90Sr in presence of 89Sr.

The test methods described in this document can also be used to measure the radionuclides in sludge, sediment, construction material and products following proper sampling procedure[2][3][4][5][6][7].

Using samples sizes of 20 g and counting times of 1 000 min, detection limits of 0,1 to 0,5 Bq.kg-1 can be achievable for 90Sr using conventional and commercially available proportional counter or liquid scintillation counter when the presence of 89Sr can be neglected. If 89Sr is present in the test sample, detection limits of 1 to 2 Bq.kg-1 can be obtained for both 90Sr and 89Sr using the same sample size, counting time and proportional counter or liquid scintillation counter as in the previous situation.

This European Standard specifies requirements of stationary containers, top lifted and bottom emptied, used for collection of solid non-hazardous wastes, with capacity up to 5 000 l.

This European Standard specifies general characteristics of such containers and their accessories, test methods and safety requirements as well as recommendations for installation, maintenance and cleaning operations.

This European Standard specifies the additional requirements for underground or partly underground systems top lifted and bottom emptied, used for collection of solid non-hazardous wastes with a capacity up to 5 000 l.

This International Standard specifies performance requirements and test methods under prescribed laboratory conditions for the evaluation of pumped samplers used in conjunction with an air sampling pump and of procedures using these samplers for the determination of gases and vapours in workplace atmospheres.

NOTE For the sampling of semi-volatile compounds which can appear as a mixture of vapours and airborne particles in workplace atmospheres see EN 13936.

This International Standard is applicable to pumped samplers and measuring procedures using these samplers in which sampling and analysis are carried out in separate stages.

This International Standard is not applicable to:

— pumped samplers which are used for the direct determination of concentrations, for example, length-of-stain detector tubes;

— samplers which rely on sorption into a liquid, and subsequent analysis of the solution (bubblers).

This document provides ergonomic requirements and recommendations for accessible doors and handles of consumer products so that users from a population with the widest range of user needs, characteristics and capabilities are able to open and close the doors of consumer products with ease.

It applies to all kinds of consumer products equipped with doors and handles. It also applies to doors through which items can be inserted or retrieved, and to those that are used for maintenance purposes. Each of its design considerations is based on ergonomic principles that are necessary for making the doors and handles of consumer products accessible to a wider range of users, including those with disabilities.

This document specifies a method for the determination of fish acute toxicity using the permanent cell line from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gill, RTgill-W1. Cells in confluent monolayers in 24-well tissue culture plates are exposed to water samples, such as surface waters or different kinds of effluents, or to chemicals for 24 h and thereafter, cell viability is assessed based on fluorescent cell viability indicator dyes (see 4.1). Data are then expressed as % of unexposed control and toxicity quantified based on % cell viability vs. % effluent or chemical concentration response curves (see Clause 9).

This document specifies methods for the measurements of magnetic susceptibility of soils (κ) as an indicator of soil pollution with trace elements associated with Technogenic Magnetic Particles (TMPs) and describes related procedures, protocols and guidelines to be applied as a screening geophysical method of evaluation of soil pollution with trace elements. The results of measurements are used for preparing the maps of magnetic susceptibility of soils in the area of interest. From these maps, the areas of elevated and high magnetic susceptibility indicating high trace element total pollution load are discriminated for further identification of pollutants by geochemical methods.

This document is applicable to screening all TMPs-related anthropogenic emission sources including long-range transport of airborne elements, of which TMPs are carriers and indicators. Such emission sources comprise the majority of high-temperature industrial processes, where iron is present in any mineralogical form in raw materials, additives or fuels, is transformed into ferrimagnetic iron oxides (e.g. fossil solid and liquid fuels combustion, metallurgy, cement and ceramics industry, coke production, industrial waste landfills, land transport, etc.). This document is not applicable to screening anthropogenic emissions not associated with TMPs, e.g. organic pollutants or emissions from agricultural sources

NOTE Copper, zinc and other non-ferrous metal ores also contain iron (in many sulfides) as this element is abundant in almost all environments. During smelting, the iron occurring in sulfides is transformed into ferrimagnetic oxides (TMPs). However, in such cases, the proportion of TMPs and related PTEs is usually less than that at coal combustion or iron metallurgy, for example, and not all PTEs are physically associated and transported by TMPs. Non-airborne elements are deposited in the close proximity of the emission source, while TMPs can be used in these cases as indicators of airborne elements and of the spatial distribution of the total element deposition from a smelter in the area.

In rare cases, some soils are developed on the bedrock of the geogenically high magnetism, which may cause false-positive results. This influence can be though easily indicated by measurements of magnetic susceptibility along soil profiles. If the local bedrock exhibits extremely high magnetic signals, this method shall not be applied. Such cases are though exceptional.

This document is applicable to respiratory protective devices except diving apparatus.

NOTE Definitions for diving apparatus are given in EN 250.

This document defines commonly used terms and definitions and specifies units of measurement to achieve a uniform interpretation and to prevent ambiguous use. It indicates graphical symbols that may be required to be placed on respiratory protective devices (RPD) or parts of RPD or instruction manuals in order to instruct the person(s) using the RPD as to its operation.

This standard describes a method to compare the quality of soils by determining the fatty acid composition of the leaves of plant species grown on these soils.

Because plant fatty acid composition can vary as functions of climatic conditions, the areas to compare must share the same climatic conditions (humidity, temperature, sunlight).

This method does not make it possible to determine an optimal value of the Omega-3 index, and therefore cannot be used to determine the intrinsic quality of a soil from a specific area (regard as homogeneous). The method can be only used to compare the quality of soils between various areas.

This method is applicable to:

— soils from contaminated sites;

— amended soils;

— soils after remediation;

— soil with waste products (e.g. slurry, manure, sludge or composts).

The Omega-3 index being an early indicator, its measurement is not relevant when a strong visual phenotype (highly reduced biomass, high leaf chlorosis…) is detected for plants having grown on one area, and not detected on another area.

Alternatively, the quality of soils can be assessed by determining Omega-3 index of Lactuca sativa seedlings grown on these soils under controlled conditions (i.e. phytotronic chamber) and by comparing it to that obtained on control soils (see Annex A).

This document specifies general requirements for eye and face protectors. These protectors are intended to provide protection for the eyes and faces of persons against common occupational hazards such as impacts from flying particles and fragments, optical radiation, dusts, splashing materials, molten metals, heat, flame, hot solids, harmful gases, vapours and aerosols.

Additional requirements for eye and face protectors used during welding and related techniques and for mesh protectors are given in ISO 16321-2 and ISO 16321-3.

This document applies to all afocal (plano) and prescription lens protectors and components.

This document also applies to those products of eye and face protection used for occupational-type tasks but not performed as part of an occupation, e.g. "do-it-yourself".

This document does not apply to:

— Protectors specifically intended for protection against sunlight for which ISO 12312 series applies;

— protectors for medically prescribed applications (not occupational); e.g. eye protection for severe dry eye, tints prescribed for medical conditions;

— protectors intended to control exposure of the eyes of patients during diagnosis or treatment (e.g. ISO/DTR 22463);

— protectors for use during medical or e.g. aesthetic applications, e.g. intense light sources (ILS) for which ISO 12609 series applies;

— protectors specifically intended for sports for which ISO 18527 series applies;

— laser protectors for which ISO 19818 applies;

— face protectors intended for live-working to protect against short-circuit electric arcs for which IEC 62819 applies;

— protectors intended to protect against ionizing radiation, e.g. X-rays, for which IEC 61331-3 applies.

This document specifies additional material, design, performance and marking requirements for eye and face protectors designed to provide protection for the eyes and faces of persons against occupational hazards during welding and related techniques, such as optical radiation, impacts from flying particles and fragments, and hot solids. The other applicable requirements for welding protectors are given in ISO 16321-1.

This document also applies to those products of eye and face protection used for occupational-type tasks but not performed as part of an occupation, e.g. "do-it-yourself".

This document specifies additional material, design, performance and marking requirements for mesh protectors designed to provide protection for the eyes and faces of persons against mechanical hazards such as impacts from flying particles and fragments.

The other applicable requirements for mesh protectors and the frames/mountings to which they are intended to be fitted are given in ISO 16321-1.

This document is not applicable to protectors for use against liquid splash (including molten metal), hot solid risks, electrical hazards, infrared and ultraviolet radiation. For protection against these hazards suitable additional or alternative protectors according ISO 16321-1 will be needed.

This document does not apply to mesh protectors used in sports such as fencing.

This document specifies the reference test methods for determining the spherical, cylindrical, and prismatic refractive properties of unmounted and mounted plano lenses (non-corrective lenses) for eye and face protectors.

This document does not apply to any eye and face protection requirement standards for which other test methods are specified.

Other test methods may be used if shown to be equivalent.

This document specifies the reference test methods for determining the physical optical properties of personal eye and face protectors.

This document does not apply to any eye and face protection requirements standards for which other test methods are specified.

Other test methods may be used provided they have been shown to be equivalent.

This document specifies the reference test methods for determining the physical and mechanical properties of protectors.

This document does not apply to any eye and face protection requirements standards for which other test methods are specified.

Other test methods may be used if shown to be equivalent.

This document specifies dimensions and tolerances of the headforms used for the testing of eye and face protectors.

Additional information are given for:

— Anthropometric measurement methods;

— Anthropometric data for head and face dimensions;

— Human test panels.

This document applies to all afocal (plano power) goggles, intended for eye protection against hazards including ultraviolet and visible solar radiation, rain, snow and wind, during downhill skiing, snowboarding and other similar activities. It deals with materials, construction, optical properties and testing.

Requirements for the labelling and marking of goggles and for information to be supplied by the manufacturer are also specified. Information on the Selection and use of downhill skiing and snowboarding goggles is given in Annex A.

This document does not apply to:

a) eye protectors for protection when operating or travelling on a motorized vehicle;

b) eye protectors for protection against artificial optical radiation, such as those used in solaria;

c) eye protectors for direct observation of the sun;

d) eye protectors intended for sports with unrelated hazards and risks.

This document applies to all eye protectors intended for eye protection against hazards during the sports of Squash, Racquetball and Squash 57 and sports with similar hazards and no greater risks. It applies to eye protectors that incorporate prescription lenses, but not to eye protectors designed for use over spectacles. It deals with materials, construction, optical properties and testing.

Requirements for the labelling and marking of eye protectors and for information to be supplied by the manufacturer are also specified. Information on the selection and use of eye protectors for Squash, Racquetball and Squash 57 is given in Annex A.

This document does not apply to:

a. sports eye protectors designed for use over prescription spectacles;

b. eye protectors for occupational applications;

c. eye protectors without lenses;

d. eye protectors for sports where the hazards are unrelated to the hazards in or involve greater risks than Squash, Racquetball and Squash 57.

This International Standard specifies a reference method using transmission electron microscopy for the determination of airborne asbestos fibres and structures in in a wide range of ambient air situations, including the interior atmospheres of buildings, and for a detailed evaluation for asbestos structures in any atmosphere. The specimen preparation procedure incorporates ashing and dispersion of the collected particulate, so that all asbestos is measured, including the asbestos originally incorporated in particle aggregates or particles of composite materials. The lengths, widths and aspect ratios of the asbestos fibres and bundles are measured, and these, together with the density of the type of asbestos, also allow the total mass concentration of airborne asbestos to be calculated. The method allows determination of the type(s) of asbestos fibres present. The method cannot discriminate between individual fibres of the asbestos and non-asbestos analogues of the same amphibole mineral.

This document specifies the general principles and the system boundaries for the carbon and environmental footprint of biobased plastic products. It is an introduction and guidance document to the other standards in this series.

This document is applicable to plastic products and plastic materials, polymer resins, which are based from biobased or fossil-based constituents.