Produktionsteknik

This document specifies requirements for the protection of iron and steel surfaces against corrosion by applying thermal-sprayed metallic coatings of zinc, aluminium or their alloys.

In this document, requirements for the planning of the corrosion protection system and for the constructive design of the component to be protected are specified, where thermal spraying is intended to be the process for the deposition of the metallic corrosion protection.

Some field-related basic terms are defined and instructions for corrosion behaviour of the zinc and aluminium materials under different environment conditions are provided.

Characteristic properties of the coating, e.g. coating thickness, minimum adhesive strength and surface appearance, are specified and test procedures for thermal-sprayed corrosion protection coatings of zinc, aluminium or their alloys are determined.

This document is valid for applying thermal-sprayed zinc and aluminium protection coatings against corrosion in the temperature range between −50 °C to +200 °C, taking into consideration the service conditions of any sealants used. Heat-resistant protective coatings of aluminium are covered by ISO 17834 and are not in the scope of this document.

Other corrosion protection processes, e.g. hot-dip galvanizing (galvanic coating), sherardizing, electroplating or selection and deposition of organic coatings/paints are not in the scope of this document.

Requirements for the manufacturing of thermal-sprayed coatings are specified in ISO 2063-2.

This document specifies a method for using phase sensitive eddy current instruments for nondestructive

measurements of the thickness of non-magnetic metallic coatings on metallic and nonmetallic

basis materials such as:

1. zinc, cadmium, copper, tin or chromium on steel;

2. Copper or silver on composite materials.

The phase sensitive method can be applied without thickness errors to smaller surface areas and to

stronger surface curvatures than the amplitude sensitive eddy current method specified in ISO 2360,

and is less affected by the magnetic properties of the basis material. However, the phase sensitive

method is more affected by the electrical properties of the coating materials.

In this document the term “coating” is used for materials such as, for example, paints and varnishes,

electroplated coatings, enamel coatings, plastic coatings, claddings and powder coatings.

This method is particularly applicable to measurements of the thickness of metallic coatings. These

coatings can be non-magnetic metallic coatings on non-conductive, conductive or magnetic base

materials, but also magnetic coatings on non-conductive or conductive base materials.

When measuring metallic coatings on metallic basis material, the product of conductivity and

permeability (σ, ) of one of the materials should be at least a factor of 2 times the product of

conductivity and permeability for the other material. Non-ferromagnetic materials have a relative

permeability of 1.

This document is part of a series of standards dealing with specification and qualification of welding procedures. Annex A gives details of this series of standard, annex B gives a flowchart for the use of these standards and Annex C gives a flow diagram for the development and qualification of a WPS.

This document defines general rules for the specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials. This standard also refers to several other standards as regards detailed rules for specific applications.

This document is applicable to manual, partly mechanized, fully mechanized and automatic welding.

Welding procedures are qualified by conforming to one or more welding procedure qualification records (WPQR). The use of a particular method of qualification is often a requirement of an application standard.

Qualification of pWPS by more than one method is not recommended. It is assumed that welding procedure specifications are used in production by competent welders, qualified in accordance with the relevant part of ISO 9606 or by competent operators qualified in accordance with ISO 14732.

This document specifies requirements for the content of welding procedure specifications for gas welding processes.

This document is part of a series of standards, details of this series are given in ISO 15607:2003, annex A.

Variables listed in this document are those influencing the quality of the welded joint.

The method specifies the gravimetric procedure for determining the non-volatile-matter content as a percentage by mass of the majority of thermally cured coil coatings and subsequently for determining the theoretical spreading rate. The method is not suitable for pure epoxy coil coatings.

The following is within the scope of this part of ISO 15926:

— The proposed deliverable will define the principles and methods for conformance testing of software implementations of ISO 15926.

NOTE 1: Software implementation implies software product and/or the deliverables of the software product.

NOTE 2: Conformance testing is to demonstrate whether the software implementation correctly fulfils the specified ISO 15926 conformance requirements.

— The specific requirements for conformance shall be specified in each of the Parts of ISO 15926;

NOTE 1: This part of ISO 15926 assumes that the specific detailed conformance requirements of the parts should be in the parts.

NOTE 2: Each scenario described in an Annex of this part of the standard specifies the relevant subsets of conformance rules of the Parts of ISO 15926 applicable to the scenario.

NOTE 3: This subset of rules for a scenario is grouped with the conformance rules of the ISO 15926 series as a whole for the scenario.

— Part 10 shall provide the guidance for developing test cases and testing procedures that cover the requirements specified in the ISO 15926 series and different industry usage contexts.

NOTE 1: Different industry usage contexts includes data exchange, use of reference data libraries, and interface services.

NOTE 2: software implementations include individual companies’ commercial off the shelf software products as well as non-commercial software products developed by industrial companies for own use.

NOTE 3: This part of ISO 15926 is applicable throughout the whole life cycle of software products in the process industry plant and engineering supply chain.

The following is outside the scope of this part of ISO 15926:

— Development of new parts of ISO 15926 and/or the improvement of existing parts of ISO 15926 such as Part 4 or industry reference data libraries conform ISO15926;

— Provision of conformance clauses in the parts of ISO 15926. It shall be noted that the concepts of this part of ISO 15926 will be beneficial for the development of such clauses;

— Commercial, business, and administrative data that is not directly related to the engineering, procurement, construction, (pre-)commissioning, operations, and maintenance of process plants.

This International Standard specifies the application of the time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD) technique to the semi- or fully automated ultrasonic testing of fusion-welded joints in metallic materials of minimum thickness 6 mm. It applies to full penetration welded joints of simple geometry in plates, pipes, and vessels, where both the weld and the parent material are low-alloyed carbon steel. Where specified and appropriate, TOFD can also be used on other types of materials that exhibit low ultrasonic attenuation (especially that due to scatter).

Where material-dependent ultrasonic parameters are specified in this document, they are based on steels having a sound velocity of (5 920 ± 50) m/s for longitudinal waves, and (3 255 ± 30) m/s for transverse waves. It is necessary to take this fact into account when testing materials with a different velocity.

This document makes reference to the basic standard ISO 16828 and provides guidance on the specific capabilities and limitations of TOFD for the detection, location, sizing and characterization of discontinuities in fusion-welded joints. TOFD can be used as a stand-alone method or in combination with other non-destructive testing (NDT) methods or techniques, for manufacturing inspection, and for in-service inspection.

This document specifies four testing levels (A, B, C, D) in accordance with ISO 17635 and corresponding to an increasing level of testing reliability. Guidance on the selection of testing levels is provided.

This document permits assessment of TOFD indications for acceptance purposes. This assessment is based on the evaluation of transmitted, reflected and diffracted ultrasonic signals within a generated TOFD image.

This document does not include acceptance levels for discontinuities.

This document specifies the following:

— requirements for studs and ceramic ferrules for arc stud welding;

— dimensions, materials and mechanical properties.

Table 1 shows types of studs and the symbols for studs and ceramic ferrules that are covered by this document.

Table 1 — Types of studs and symbols for studs and ceramic ferrules