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A common language for standards, disclosed to a wide audience and referring only to the operational protocols and to their outcomes, is needed both for a consistent set of standards and the connection with the scientific literature. This glossary will take into account existing glossary of terms used in photocatalysis and photochemistry. Because in photocatalysis numerous properties are difficult to be evaluated, it is strongly recommended in standard norms to avoid reporting properties depending on number of actives sites, the mechanisms of adsorption or kinetic mechanisms of photocatalytic reactions. For the same reason instead of the quantum yield and related quantities it is easier to report the photonic efficiency.

Most of the definitions reported in this document are a sub-set of the IUPAC definitions in photocatalysis and radiocatalysis [1]. Some other definitions, in particular for the photocatalytic rate and reactors are taken from a dedicated work [2]. The use and many technical specifications on the physical values suggested for irradiation conditions in the standards are reported in a separate Technical Specification [3].

The arrangement of entries is alphabetical, and the criterion adopted by the IUPAC has been followed for the typeface used: italicized words in a definition or following it indicate a cross-reference in the Glossary.

The parameters and recommendations presented in this standard relate mainly to the material polyamide 12 (PA12). Explicit references are also made to polyamide 11 (PA11). The extent to which these parameters and recommendations can be transferred to other materials must be verified on a case-by-case basis.

This standard is aimed at providers of manufacturing services for polymer parts who use additive manufacturing machines and at the customers for these services. Designers of parts as well as buyers and providers of manufacturing services can specify, in a traceable manner, the required or the achievable level of quality with the aid of this standard. This standard applies to parts that have been manufactured from a thermoplastic polymer by means of laser sintering (LS) or material extrusion (MEX). Its applicability to other processes for polymers shall be checked in the specific case. The quality grades apply to parts that have not been post-processed after unpacking from the build space and the removal of possible support structures.

This International Standard specifies the geometries and dimensions of projections for embossed projection welding. Tools to make the projections are also included as an informative Annex (see Annex B).

The projections are used on hot-rolled, cold-rolled, uncoated and coated steels, stainless steels and nickel alloys for conventional welding quality up to 3 mm thickness, as single projections, in multiples or as a group of multiples.

NOTE Any solid projections are not included in this standard.

This document gives guidance on levels of imperfections in electron and laser beam welded joints in aluminium and its alloys. Three levels are given in such a way as to permit application for a wide range of welded fabrications. The levels refer to production quality and not to the fitness-for-purpose of the product manufactured.

This document applies to electron and laser beam welding of:

— aluminium and its alloys;

— magnesium and its alloys;

— pure copper (e.g. Cu-ETP1 CW003A, Cu-ETP CW004A, Cu-FRHC CW005A, Cu-FRTP CW006A, Cu-OF1 CW007A, Cu-OF CW008A, Cu-OFE CW009A, Cu-PHC CW020A, Cu-HCP CW021A, Cu-PHCE CW022A, Cu-DLP CW023A, Cu-DHP CW024A);

— all types of welds welded with or without additional filler wire;

— materials equal to or above 0,5 mm thickness for electron and laser beam welding.

When significant deviations from the joint geometries and dimensions stated in this standard are present in the welded product, it is necessary to evaluate to what extent the provisions of this standard can apply.

NOTE 1 For circular welds, a lower quality level e.g., may be specified for the fade-out zone.

Metallurgical aspects, e.g. grain size, hardness, hydrogen embrittlement (pure copper) are not covered by this standard.

This Part of ISO 15614 specifies the tests which can be used for qualification of welding procedure specifications for spot, seam, and projection welding processes.

NOTE The procedures are written for embossed projection welding, they can be adapted for solid projections as well, e.g., nut welding, stud welding. cross wire welding.

This International Standard is Part of the ISO 15614 series. Details of this series are given in ISO 15607, Annex A.

This Part of ISO 15614 defines the conditions for carrying out tests and the limits of validity of a qualified welding procedure for all practical welding operations covered by this Part of ISO 15614.

The tests required to qualify the procedure for a particular component/assembly depend on the performance and quality requirements of the component/assembly and shall be established before any qualification is undertaken.

Tests shall be carried out in accordance with this Part of ISO 15614 unless more severe tests are specified by the relevant application standard or contract when these shall apply.

The acceptability of applying the principles of this Part of ISO 15614 to other resistance welding processes should be established before any qualification is undertaken.

NOTE Specific service, material, or manufacturing conditions might require more comprehensive testing than is specified by this Part of ISO 15614.

Such tests can include:

— method for fatigue testing for spot welded joints;

— specimen dimensions and procedure for impact, shear and cross-tension testing resistance spot and projection welds;

— bend test;

— surface crack detection;

— ultrasonic tests and X-ray test;

— chemical analysis and corrosion tests;

— micro examination, including assessment of hot cracking behaviour;

— tests of components or complete welded assemblies.

This Part of ISO 15614 covers the following resistance welding processes, as defined in ISO 4063:

— 21 – resistance spot welding;

— 211 – indirect spot welding;

— 212 – direct spot welding;

— 22 – resistance seam welding;

— 221 – lap seam welding;

— 222 – mash seam welding;

— 225 – foil butt-seam welding;

— 226 – seam welding with strip;

— 23 – projection welding;

— 231 – indirect projection welding;

— 232 – direct projection welding.

This series of standards applies to welding of metallic materials in the manufacture and maintenance of railway vehicles and their components.

This part of the series defines the classification levels as well as the requirements for manufacturers of welded railway vehicles and components during maintenance or maintenance activities.

This document specifies a method for the measurement of the local thickness of metallic coatings, oxide layers, and porcelain or vitreous enamel coatings, by the microscopical examination of cross sections using an optical microscope.

WARNING — The use of this Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of users of this standard to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel prior to application of the standard, and fulfil statutory and regulatory requirements for this purpose.

This document specifies a method for the measurement of metal coating thickness by first forming a step between the surface of the coating and the surface of its substrate and then measuring the step height using a profile recording instrument. It covers the instrumentation characteristics and the procedure appropriate to this specific application of profilometric methods.

The method is applicable to the measurement of thicknesses of metal coatings from 0,01 μm to 1 000 μm on flat surfaces and, if appropriate precautions are taken, on cylindrical surfaces. It is highly suitable for the measurement of minute thicknesses but, for thicknesses of less than 0,01 μm, surface flatness and surface smoothness are very critical and accordingly, the method is not recommended for use down to the lowest level of measurement usual for electronic stylus instruments. The method is suitable for measuring coating thicknesses when preparing coating thickness reference standards.

This International Standard specifies spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) for determination of optical properties (refractive index n and extinction coefficient k) and the optical classification of different types of amorphous carbon films within the n-k plane.

Amorphous carbon films may be deposited by ionized evaporation, sputtering, arc deposition, plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition, hot filament techniques and others. Amorphous carbon films have an amorphous structure, containing both sp2 and sp3 bonded carbon, and contain in some cases also hydrogen. There is graphite-like carbon as well as polymer-like, glass-like and diamond-like carbon films. Carbon films modified with metals, silicon and amorphous carbon films that have a gradient of composition/property in the thickness are not included. Paints and Varnishes are not included.

As amorphous carbon films show a huge diversity of structure and properties, it is indispensable to select the appropriate type of amorphous carbon film to exploit their excellent properties in practical use. Therefore, carbon films are characterized by spectroscopic ellipsometry under reasonable conditions. This enables classification of amorphous carbon films on silicon wafers within the n-k plane acting as process fingerprint.

This document specifies requirements for qualification testing of brazers and brazing operators for metallic materials.

This document applies to the following brazing processes in accordance with ISO 857-2 and ISO 4063 with local and global heating:

— 911 Infrared brazing

— 912 Flame brazing, torch brazing

— 913 Laser beam brazing

— 914 Electron beam brazing

— 916 Induction brazing

— 918 Resistance brazing

— 919 Diffusion brazing

— 921 Furnace brazing

— 922 Vacuum brazing

— 923 Dip-bath brazing

— 924 Salt-bath brazing

— 925 Flux bath brazing

— 926 Immersion brazing

— 972 Arc weld brazing

This document is not applicable to personnel operating brazing equipment who do not have any direct influence on the quality of the brazed joint for example, personnel performing exclusively loading/unloading the brazing unit or just initiating the brazing cycle in automatic brazing.

NOTE 1 Annex A gives guidelines on general quality requirements for brazing.

NOTE 2 This document does not apply to brazing for aerospace applications covered by ISO 11745.

The principles of this document may be applied to brazing of other materials.

This part of ISO 15614 specifies tests for the qualification of welding procedure specifications applicable to upset (resistance butt) welding and flash welding of metallic materials, e.g. with solid, tubular, flat or circular cross-section. Its basic principles can also be applied to other resistance welding processes when this is stated in the specification.

This part of ISO 15614 defines the conditions for carrying out tests and the limits of validity of a qualified welding procedure for all the practical welding operations that it covers. The tests required to qualify the procedure for a particular component or assembly depend on the performance and quality requirements of the component or assembly, as defined in the design specification. The tests are intended to be carried out in accordance with the requirements of this part of ISO 15614, unless more severe tests are specified by the relevant application standard or specification and when these apply.

NOTE Specific service, material, or manufacturing conditions can require more comprehensive testing than specified by this part of ISO 15614. Such tests can include microsections, fatigue or endurance tests, impact tests, radiographic testing, ultrasonic testing, corrosion testing and tests of components or complete welded assemblies.

This part of ISO 15614 covers the following resistance welding processes, as defined in ISO 4063:

— 24 flash welding, using direct current or alternating current with various movement sequences, constant flashing and pulsed flashing;

— 25 resistance upset welding, using direct current or alternating current with various pressure sequences.

This document specifies requirements that can be checked by computer for the exchange, between organizations and systems, of master data that consists of characteristic data.

EXAMPLE 1 This document applies to a message that a supplier sends to a customer. The message contains characteristic data describing an item that the customer is considering buying.

EXAMPLE 2 This document does not apply to a credit charge transaction sent from a merchant to a credit card company because the data sent is not master data.

EXAMPLE 3 This document does not apply to the contents of a company's internal supplier master when these contents are not being exchanged between organizations or systems.

NOTE 1 "Organization" does not necessarily mean a company or corporation. Sometimes it could be a subdivision or branch that covers some distinct area of business operation. Different business units of a company exchanging master data, or a business unit exchanging master data with headquarters, can be considered separate organizations for the purposes of this document.

The following are within the scope of this document:

— conformance of master data messages to a formal syntax;

— semantic encoding of master data messages;

— conformance of master data messages to data specifications;

— commercial models for master data exchanges.

The following are outside the scope of this document:

— master data that is not characteristic data;

— data that is not in messages;

— messages that are not used to exchange master data between organizations or systems;

— recording the history of master data;

NOTE 2 "Data provenance record" is the common name for a record of the history of the origination, modification and transfer of custody or ownership of data.

— accuracy of master data;

— exchange of data that is not master data;

— management of master data internally within an organization;

EXAMPLE 4 Data within an organization's enterprise resource planning or product data management system is out of scope.

EXAMPLE 5 Making backup copies of data files containing master data is out of scope.

— quality of data dictionaries;

— a specific formal syntax for the exchange of master data.

EXAMPLE 6 ISO 9735, ISO 13584, ISO 15926 and ISO 22745 specify formats that can be used to exchange master data.

NOTE 3 ISO 13584, ISO 15926 and ISO 22745 can also be used to exchange data dictionaries but the requirements for the exchange of data dictionaries are out of scope of this document.

The requirements in this document are considered necessary but not sufficient to achieve data quality with respect to exchange of master data. Issues such as the accuracy and provenance of master data also need to be addressed as part of an overall data quality strategy.

NOTE 4 The following parts of ISO 8000 address such issues:

— ISO 8000-120 addresses provenance;

— ISO 8000-130 addresses accuracy;

— ISO 8000-140 addresses completeness.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the surface abrasion resistance of anodic oxidation coatings produced by sulfuric acid anodizing of aluminium and its alloys. It is mainly intended for the evaluation of external architectural coatings. It is a production control method that relies to a large extent on operator experience and instruction.

This document specifies the nominal diameters and nominal leads, mounting dimensions for ball screw nuts and mounting bolts for metric ball screws. It also gives preferred combinations of nominal diameter and nominal lead and a general plan which includes the additional combinations to be used when it becomes necessary to deviate from the preferred combinations.

This document specifies safety requirements of machines and equipment for thermal spraying, in this case of gas control units. This document should be used in conjunction with the Part 1 which deals with general aspects when designing, manufacturing, and/or putting in service of machines or equipment.

Generally the requirements of EU-Directive 2014/34/EU are valid for the use of this document.