Produktionsteknik

This document specifies requirements for hard anodic oxidation coatings on aluminium and its alloys, including test methods.

It also specifies the information to be supplied by the customer to the anodizer (see Annex A).

It is not applicable to coatings produced by processes such as those referred to as plasma electrolytic oxidation, micro-arc oxidation, plasma-chemical anodic oxidation, anodic spark deposition or spark anodizing.

This document specifies a qualitative method for assessing the aggressiveness of a flux towards copper.

The test is applicable to all fluxes of type 1 as defined in ISO 9454-1.

This document specifies methods for the determination of

— the presence of colourless chromate conversion coatings,

— the presence of hexavalent chromium in colourless and coloured coatings on zinc or cadmium or aluminium-zinc (mass fraction of aluminium: 55 %, within a range of 54 % to 56 % mass fraction) and zinc-aluminium (mass fraction of aluminium: 5 %) alloys,

— the total chromium content per unit area on zinc and cadmium,

— the mass per unit area of both colourless and coloured coatings,

— the satisfactory adhesion of chromate conversion coatings, and

— the quality of chromate coatings.

These methods are applicable

— to colourless and coloured chromate conversion coatings containing trivalent and hexavalent chromium in varying proportions and produced by either chemical or electrochemical processes, and

— only to chromate coatings that are free from any supplementary coatings, such as oil, water or solvent-based polymers or wax.

This document specifies a distillation method for the determination of the ammonia content of solid, paste or liquid fluxes. The method is applicable to fluxes of class 311 and 321 only, as defined in ISO 9454-1.

This document specifies the performance requirements for fluxes in solid, liquid and paste forms intended for use with soft solders.

NOTE 1 ISO 9454-1 specifies the requirements for labelling and packaging as well as the coding system for the classification of the fluxes.

NOTE 2 Some of the fluxes intended for inert gas and vapour phase soldering may not pass some of the criteria in Tables 1 and 2.

Requirements for these fluxes are agreed between the purchaser and the supplier.

This part of ISO 23247 provides an overview and general principles of a Digital Twin for manufacturing.

The ISO 23247 series defines a framework to guide the creation of Digital Twins of observable manufacturing elements including personnel, equipment, materials, processes, facilities, environment, products, and supporting documents.

The following are within the scope of this part of ISO 23247:

— scope statement for ISO 23247 as a whole;

— terms and definitions used throughout ISO 23247;

— overview and requirements of the Digital Twin framework for manufacturing.

The following are described in other parts of ISO 23247:

— reference architecture (Part 2);

— digital representation of manufacturing elements (Part 3);

— information exchange requirements for Digital Twins (Part 4).

The following are outside the scope of ISO 23247, but will be identified as use cases in technical reports;

— selection of the manufacturing devices and other resources to be represented by Digital Twins;

— selection of the manufacturing processes to be represented by Digital Twins;

— selection of the manufacturing products to be represented by Digital Twins.

This part of ISO 23247 provides a reference architecture for the Digital Twin in manufacturing.

The ISO 23247 series defines a framework to guide the creation of Digital Twins of observable manufacturing elements including personnel, equipment, materials, processes, facilities, environment, products, and supporting documents.

The following are within the scope of this part of ISO 23247:

— reference architecture goals and objectives;

— reference model;

— functional view.

The following are described in other parts of ISO 23247:

— overview and general principles (Part 1);

— digital representation of manufacturing elements (Part 3);

— information exchange requirements for Digital Twins (Part 4).

The following are outside of the scope of ISO 23247, but will be identified as use cases in technical reports.

— selection of the manufacturing devices and other resources to be represented by Digital Twins;

— selection of the manufacturing processes to be represented by Digital Twins;

— selection of the manufacturing products to be represented by Digital Twins.

This part of ISO 23247 provides a list of basic information attributes for the observable manufacturing elements.

The ISO 23247 series defines a framework to guide the creation of Digital Twins of observable manufacturing elements including personnel, equipment, materials, processes, facilities, environment, products, and supporting documents.

The following are within the scope of this part of ISO 23247:

— digital representation of observable manufacturing elements.

The following are described in other parts of ISO 23247:

— overview and general principles (Part 1);

— reference architecture (Part 2);

— Information exchange requirements for Digital Twins (Part 4).

The following are outside of the scope of ISO 23247, but will be identified as use cases in technical reports.

— selection of the manufacturing devices and other resources to be represented by Digital Twins;

— selection of the manufacturing processes to be represented by Digital Twins;

— selection of the manufacturing products to be represented by Digital Twins.

This part of ISO 23247 identifies technical requirements for information exchange between entities within the reference architecture.

The ISO 23247 series defines a framework to guide the creation of Digital Twins of observable manufacturing elements including personnel, equipment, materials, processes, facilities, environment, products, and supporting documents.

The requirements for information exchange in the following networks are within the scope of this part of ISO 23247:

— User network that connects the User entity and Core entity;

— Service network that connects sub-entities within the Core entity;

— Access network that connects the Data collection and device control entity to the Core entity and to the User entity;

— Proximity network that connects the Data collection and device control entity to the observable manufacturing elements.

The following are described in other parts of ISO 23247:

— overview and general principles (Part 1);

— reference architecture (Part 2);

— digital representation of manufacturing elements (Part 3).

The following are outside of the scope of ISO 23247, but will be identified as use cases in technical reports.

— selection of the manufacturing devices and other resources to be represented by Digital Twins;

— selection of the manufacturing processes to be represented by Digital Twins;

— selection of the manufacturing products to be represented by Digital Twins.

This series of standards applies to welding of metallic materials in the manufacture and maintenance of railway vehicles and their parts. This part of the series describes the production requirements (i.e. preparation and execution) of the welding work.