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This document focuses on materials that are normally with or could be in contact with cryogenic fluids. This document specifies gas/material compatibility requirements (such as ignition and burn resistance in liquid and gaseous oxygen equipment) for cryogenic vessels, but it does not cover mechanical properties (e.g. for low-temperature applications). This document provides general guidance for compatibility with gases and detailed compatibility requirements for oxygen and oxygen-enriched atmospheres. This document also defines the testing methods for establishing oxygen compatibility of materials (metallic and non-metallic) to be used for cryogenic vessels and associated equipment, and for gaseous oxygen applications.

This document specifies requirements for the design, fabrication, type test and initial inspection and test of transportable vacuum-insulated cryogenic pressure vessels of not more than 1 000 l volume. This document applies to transportable vacuum-insulated cryogenic vessels for fluids as specified in 3.1 and Table 1 and does not apply to such vessels designed for toxic fluids. NOTE 1 This document does not cover specific requirements for refillable liquid hydrogen and LNG tanks that are primarily dedicated as fuel tanks in vehicles. For fuel tanks used in land and marine vehicles, see ISO 13985. NOTE 2 Specific requirements for open top dewards are not covered by this document.

This document defines a risk-based program for determining protective system requirements for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industry fired equipment including lower carbon energy. The process applies to new or existing fired equipment. For modifications to existing fired equipment that has been designed in accordance with this standard, the scope may be limited to changes. 1.1 Inclusions This document applies to: — hazards that have potential to produce harm, — engineered and administrative forms of risk reduction. NOTE 1 See Figure 1 for a graphical representation of the hierarchy of risk reduction. NOTE 2 For guidance on elimination and substitution of hazards, see ISO 45001:2018 - Occupational health and safety management systems — Requirements with guidance for use, clause 8.1.2 Eliminating hazards and reducing OH&S risk.

NOTE 3 Example of hierarchy of risk reduction related to natural draft gas-fired process fired heaters. — Elimination - eliminate the gas-fired process heater combustion risk by replacing with electric heating. — Substitution - refinery fuel gas replaced with constant calorific value natural gas, for example, from a utility pipeline. — Engineered function - install mass flow meter that compensates for composition change in refinery fuel gas.

— Administrative function – maintain low occupancy around natural draft gas fired process fired heater. 1.2 Exclusions 1.2.1 Excluded assessments This standard excludes assessment of environmental impact, business impact or loss of reputation. 1.2.2 Excluded forms of risk reduction This standard excludes risk reductions in the forms of elimination, substitution, and personal protective equipment. NOTE See Figure 1 for a graphical representation of the hierarchy of risk reduction. 1.2.3 Excluded equipment This standard excludes commercial fired equipment used for food preparation, space heating, small potable water heaters, and other non-process applications such as small heaters used in maintenance applications.

This document describes general principles and gives requirements and recommendations for the selection and qualification of metallic materials for service in equipment used in oil and gas production and in natural-gas sweetening plants in H2S-containing environments, where the failure of such equipment can pose a risk to the health and safety of the public and personnel or to the environment. It can be applied to help to avoid costly corrosion damage to the equipment itself. It supplements, but does not replace, the materials requirements given in the appropriate design codes, standards, or regulations. This document addresses all mechanisms of cracking that can be caused by H2S, including sulfide stress cracking, stress corrosion cracking, hydrogen-induced cracking and stepwise cracking, stress-oriented hydrogen-induced cracking, soft zone cracking, and galvanically induced hydrogen stress cracking. Table 1 provides a non-exhaustive list of equipment to which this document is applicable, including exclusions. This document applies to the qualification and selection of materials for equipment designed and constructed using load controlled design methods. For design utilizing strain-based design methods, see Clause 5. This document is not necessarily applicable to equipment used in refining or downstream processes and equipment.

This document specifies requirements and gives recommendations for assessment of the service environment, and the selection of metallic materials used in oil and gas production in H2S-containing environments, where the failure can pose a risk to the functionality of the equipment, to the health and safety of the public and personnel or to the environment. This document is not intended for application to equipment for carbon capture, utilisation and/or storage (CCUS, CCS) or downstream oil and gas (for downstream applications see ISO 17945/NACE MR0103), but the guidance and principles can be applied by the equipment user for these applications. This document addresses the selection of carbon and low alloy steels, cast irons, corrosion-resistant alloys and other alloys for resistance to damage mechanisms that are a consequence of H2S, or which are exacerbated by H2S. This includes sulphide stress cracking, hydrogen-induced cracking, stepwise cracking, stress-oriented hydrogen-induced cracking, soft-zone cracking, galvanically induced hydrogen stress cracking and stress corrosion cracking. Some of these mechanisms can also occur in environments that do not contain H2S, but these are not included in the scope of this document. These are not included in the scope of this document. Materials with established service limits, or which have a successful history of application are listed. A path for qualifying and accepting materials that are not listed is described in ISO 15156-3. NOTE corrosion. H2S can also influence degradation mechanisms other than cracking, including general and localized This document is intended primarily for equipment users and other parties that select and accept materials and equipment for service in H2S-containing environments. It stipulates when materials need to be specified to be in conformance with ISO 15156-1 or qualified in conformance with ISO 15156-3. All oil and gas production equipment categories handling H2S-containing fluids are within the scope of this document, including but not limited to: a) drilling, well construction, and well-servicing equipment; b) wells including subsurface equipment, gas lift equipment, wellheads, and tree equipment; c) flow-lines, gathering lines, field facilities, and field processing plants; d) water-handling, injection and disposal equipment; e) gas-handling and injection equipment including those used for CO2 enhanced oil recovery; f) natural gas treatment plants (for gas sweeting plants see also API RP 945); g) transportation pipelines for liquids, gases, and multi-phase fluids. Exclusions to the scope of this document are given in Table 1.

This document specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the verification, qualification and balloting requirements of metallic materials for service in equipment used in oil and gas production in H2S-containing environments, where the failure can pose a risk to the health and safety of the public and personnel or to the environment. The requirements supplement but do not replace the verification (or qualification) requirements given in the appropriate design codes, standards, specifications or regulations. This document addresses the verification, qualification and balloting requirements of materials for equipment designed and constructed using load-controlled design methods, see 5.2. For design and applications utilizing strain-based design methods, see 5.2 and 7.6.3.3. This document addresses damage mechanisms in production environments caused by H2S, including sulfide stress cracking, stress corrosion cracking, hydrogen-induced cracking and stepwise cracking, stress oriented hydrogen-induced cracking, soft zone cracking, and galvanically-induced hydrogen stress cracking. This document is not intended for equipment used in carbon capture, utilisation and/or storage (CCUS, CCS) refining or downstream processes and equipment (see ISO 17945/NACE MR0103) but the guidance and principles can be applied by the equipment user for these applications.

This document specifies requirements, including corrosion protection, for the design, fabrication, installation and maintenance of steel-cased pipelines for pipeline transportation systems in the petroleum and natural gas industries in accordance with ISO 13623. NOTE 1 Steel casings can be used for mechanical protection of pipelines at crossings, such as at roads and railways and the installation of a casing at a highway, railway, or other crossing can be required by the permitting agency or pipeline operator. NOTE 2 This document does not imply that utilization of casings is mandatory or necessary. NOTE 3 This document does not imply that cased crossings, whether electrically isolated or electrically shorted, contribute to corrosion of a carrier pipe within a cased crossing. However, cased crossings can adversely affect the integrity of the carrier pipe by shielding cathodic protection (CP) current to the carrier pipe or reducing the CP effectiveness on the carrier pipe in the vicinity of the casing. Their use is not recommended unless required by load considerations, unstable soil conditions, or when their use is dictated by sound engineering practices.