Byggnadsmaterial och byggnader

1.1 Scope of EN 1991-1-4

(1) This document gives rules for the determination of natural wind actions for the structural design of building and civil engineering works for each of the loaded areas under consideration. This includes actions applied to the whole structure or parts of it, as well as wind-exposed elements attached to the structure.

(2) This document is applicable to:

- buildings and other civil engineering works with heights up to 200 m;

- guyed masts, other open lattice structures and chimneys with heights up to 300 m;

- bridges having no span greater than 200 m.

(3) The rules contained in this document allow the evaluation of characteristic wind actions on land-based structures.

(4) This document is applicable to offshore coastal structures.

NOTE Additional or amended provisions can be necessary.

(5) This document does not give guidance on non-synoptic winds (e.g. thunderstorms, downbursts, microbursts, tornadoes, etc.), mixed wind climates, nor does it give guidance on how to account for local effects (e.g. thermal effects, funnelling, strong arctic thermal surface inversion, etc.).

(6) This document addresses simplified procedures for dynamic effects, mostly based on the assumption of a dominant single-mode response (see Annex E, Annex F and Annex G). General criteria for performing a full dynamic analysis under aerodynamic excitation are not treated in this document.

(7) Wind pressure effects of passing vehicles are outside the scope of this document.

NOTE See EN 1991 2 for wind effects from passing trains.

8) This document also provides guidance on wind tunnel testing and numerical modelling which can be needed or desirable when the shape or structural behaviour are unusual or do not strictly fall within the rules of the document, or in cases of unusual orography or other surroundings.

1.2 Assumptions (1) The assumptions given in EN 1990-1:2023+A1:2026, 1.2 apply.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the water vapour transmission properties of waterproofing sheets. It is applicable to factory made bitumen, plastic and rubber sheets for roof waterproofing, damp proof sheets, damp proof courses, underlays and vapour control layers.

This document specifies definitions, principles of construction, requirements and methods for testing the performance of UV devices (240 nm to 290 nm nominal) for potable water installations according to EN 806-2 which are permanently connected to the building’s supply. Devices described by this document can be installed at the point of entry (POE), within the water distribution system inside the building or at the point of use (POU). Additionally, the devices described in this document can be used in mobile or temporary potable water installations, where the system is not permanently connected to a water supply. UV devices in the sense of this document are UV bactericidal treatment devices or UV disinfection devices for one of three specified water qualities, determined by the observed UV transmittance. Devices can be standalone, integrated into a larger appliance or part of multi-staged treatment process. The document relates solely to the performance of the UV reactor.