Byggnadsmaterial och byggnader

1.1 Scope of EN 1998-5

(1) This document establishes general principles for the design and assessment of geotechnical systems in seismic regions. It gives general rules relevant to all families of geotechnical structures, to the design of foundations, retaining structures and underground structures and complements EN 1997-3 for the seismic design situation.

(2) This document contains the basic performance requirements and compliance criteria applicable to geotechnical structures and geotechnical systems in seismic regions.

(3) This document refers to the rules for the representation of seismic actions and the description of the seismic design situations defined in EN 1998-1-1 and provides specific definition of the seismic action applicable to geotechnical structures.

1.2 Assumptions

(1) The assumptions of EN 1990 apply to this document.

This document specifies methods for calculation of the thermal and fluid dynamic characteristics of chimneys serving more than one combustion appliance. This part of prEN 13384 covers the following cases: a) where the chimney is connected with more than one connecting flue pipe from individual or several combustion appliances in a multi-inlet arrangement; b) where the chimney is connected with an individual connecting flue pipe connecting more than one combustion appliance in a cascade arrangement; or c) where the balanced flue chimney consists of a collective air supply duct serving the combustion air to more than one combustion appliance. Each combustion appliance is connected to an individual flue duct located inside the collective air supply duct to the outlet. Every individual flue duct has a temperature class not exceeding T120, a pressure class of P1, M1 or H1 and a sootfire class of O. The case of multiple inlet cascade arrangement is covered by the case a). This part of prEN 13384 deals with chimneys operating under negative pressure conditions (there can be positive pressure condition in the connecting flue pipe) and with chimneys operating under positive pressure conditions and is valid for chimneys serving combustion appliances for liquid, gaseous and solid fuels. For positive pressure chimneys (case a), b) and c)) this part only applies if any combustion appliance which is out of action can be positively isolated to prevent flue gas back flow. This part of EN 13384 does not apply to: - chimneys with different thermal resistance or different cross-section in the various chimney segments. This part does not apply to calculate energy gain; - chimneys with open fire places, e.g. open fire chimneys or chimney inlets which are normally intended to operate open to the room; - chimneys which serve different kinds of combustion appliances regarding natural draught, fan assisted, forced draught or combustion engine. Fan assisted combustion appliances with draught diverter between the fan and the chimney are considered as natural draught combustion appliances; - chimneys with multiple inlets from more than 5 storeys. (This does not apply to balanced flue chimney.); - chimneys serving combustion appliances with open air supply through ventilation openings or air supply ducts, which are not installed in the same air supply pressure region (e.g. same side of building).

(1) EN 1992-4 provides a design method for fastenings (connection of structural elements and non-structural elements to structural components), which are used to transmit actions to the concrete. NOTE 1 Additional rules for the transmission of the fastener loads within the concrete member to its supports are given in EN 1992 1 1:2004, 2.7 and Annex A of this EN. NOTE 2 Inserts embedded in precast concrete elements during production, under Factory Production Control (FPC) conditions and with the due reinforcement, intended for use only during transient situations for lifting and handling, are covered by CEN/TR 15728. (2) EN 1992-4 is intended for safety related applications in which the failure of fastenings can result in collapse or partial collapse of the structure, cause risk to human life or lead to significant economic loss. (3) The support of the fixture can be either statically determinate or statically indeterminate. Each support can consist of one fastener or a group of fasteners. (4) EN 1992-4 is valid for applications which fall within the scope of the EN 1992 series. In applications where special considerations apply, e.g. nuclear power plants or civil defence structures, modifications can be necessary. (5) EN 1992-4 does not cover the design of the fixture. NOTE Rules for the design of the fixture are given in the appropriate standards meeting the requirements on the fixture as given in EN 1992-4. [Figure 1.1 - Fastener design theory - Example] (4) This document applies to single fasteners and groups of fasteners. In a group of fasteners, the loads are applied to the individual fasteners of the group by means of a common fixture. In a group of fasteners, this document applies only if fasteners of the same type and size are used. (5) The configurations of fastenings with cast-in place headed fasteners and post-installed fasteners covered by this document are shown in Figure 1.2. (6) For anchor channels, the number of anchors is not limited. [Figure 1.2 - Configuration of fastenings with headed and post-installed fasteners covered by this document] (7) This document applies to fasteners with a minimum diameter or a minimum thread size of 6 mm (M6) or a corresponding cross section. In case of fasteners for fastening statically indeterminate redundant non-structural systems as addressed in 7.3, the minimum thread size is 5 mm (M5). The maximum diameter of the fastener is not limited for tension loading but is limited to 60 mm for shear loading. (8) EN 1992 4 applies to fasteners with embedment depth hef ≥ 40 mm. Only for fastening statically indeterminate redundant non-structural systems as addressed in 7.3 smaller effective embedment depth may be used. For fastenings with post-installed bonded fasteners, only fasteners with an embedment depth hef ≤ 20d are covered. The actual value for a particular fastener can be found in the relevant European Technical Product Specification. (9) This document covers metal fasteners made of either carbon steel (EN ISO 898 1 and EN ISO 898 2, EN 10025 1, EN 10080), stainless steel (EN 10088 2 and EN 10088 3, EN ISO 3506 1 and EN ISO 3506 2) or malleable cast iron (ISO 5922). The surface of the steel can be coated or uncoated. This document is valid for fasteners with a nominal steel tensile strength f_"uk" ≤1 000 "N/" 〖"mm" 〗^"2" . This limit does not apply to concrete screws. (10) Loading on the fastenings covered by this document can be static, quasi-static and fatigue. The suitability of the fastener to resist fatigue is specifically stated in the relevant European Technical Product Specification. Anchor channels subjected to fatigue loading or seismic loading are not covered by this document. (11) The loading on the fastener resulting from the actions on the fixture (e.g. tension, shear, bending or torsion moments or any combination thereof) will generally be axial tension and/or shear. [...]

I detta dokument anges ljudkrav för bostäder avseende

— ljudnivåskillnad (luftljudsisolering),

— stegljudsnivå (stegljudsisolering),

— ljudnivå från installationer,

— ljudnivå från trafik och andra yttre ljudkällor.

Dessutom anges krav på rumsakustik i kommunikationsutrymmen i direkt anslutning till bostäder och i vissa andra utrymmen.

Ljudkraven anges som tre kravnivåer, där

— de grundläggande kraven kompletterar BFS 2024:10 och ger användarna av detta dokument ett mer preciserat stöd för att säkerställa en tillfredsställande ljudmiljö för boende,

— de utökade kraven ar avsedda att tillämpas när bättre ljudmiljö önskas,

— krav vid ändring av byggnad anger tillåtna anpassningar relativt grundläggande krav vid ändring av byggnad.

Anmärkning För ljudkrav på verksamhetslokaler, se SS 25268:2023.

I detta dokument anges krav på och rekommendationer för provning av materialegenskaper och tillståndsbedömning av förtillverkade betongprodukter avsedda för återbruk inklusive bedömning av hållfasthet, lastbärande förmåga, beständighet, livslängd och användbarhet inklusive deformationer.

Följande förtillverkade betongproduktertyper omfattas:

HDF-bjälklag och massiv-bjälklag enligt SS-EN 1168

Balkar och pelare enligt SS-EN 13225

TT-bjälklag enligt SS-EN 13224

Väggar enligt SS-EN 14992

Trappor enligt SS-EN 14843

Massiva bjälklagsplattor enligt SS 137005 och SS-EN 13369

I detta dokument anges krav på fabrikstillverkade obrända lerstenar för bärande och icke-bärande murverk inomhus.

Kraven omfattar egenskaper, provning och märkning.

Detta dokument är avsett för

a) kompakterade lerstenar,

b) icke kompakterade lerstenar.

Detta dokument är inte avsett för stabiliserade lerstenar.

Anmärkning: Med stabiliserade lerstenar avses lerstenar som innehåller bindemedel av kalk, cement, eller syntetiska polymerer.

I detta dokument anges krav på fabrikstillverkat lerputsbruk för putsning av väggar och tak inomhus.

Kraven omfattar egenskaper, provning och märkning.

Detta dokument är avsett för

a) lerputsbruk med appliceringstjocklekar på minst 3 mm,

b) paketerade torrprodukter,

c) ballast enligt SS-EN 13139:2002.

Detta dokument är inte avsett för stabiliserade lerputsbruk eller platstillverkade lerputsbruk.

Anmärkning 1: Med stabiliserade lerputsbruk avses lerputsbruk som innehåller bindemedel av kalk, cement, eller syntetiska polymerer.

Anmärkning 2: För applicering av lerputsbruk, se SS-EN 13914-2.

1.1 Scope of FprEN 1993-1-8 (1) FprEN 1993-1-8 provides rules for structural design of joints subject to predominantly static loading using all steel grades from S235 up to and including S700, unless otherwise stated in individual clauses. NOTE As an alternative to the design rules provided in Clause 9, the design rules given in CEN/TR 1993-1-801 "Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures - Part 1 801: Hollow section joints design according to the component method" can be used. (2) The provisions in this document apply to steels complying with the requirements given in EN 1993 1 1 and to material thickness greater than or equal to 3 mm, unless otherwise stated in individual clauses. 1.2 Assumptions (1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts) and the other relevant parts of EN 1993-1 (all parts) apply. (2) The design methods given in FprEN 1993-1-8 are applicable if: - the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090-2, and - the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993 (all parts), or in the relevant material and product specifications.

1.1 Scope of prEN 1993-1-2 (1) This document provides rules for the design of steel structures for the accidental situation of fire exposure. This Part of EN 1993 only identifies differences from, or supplements to, normal temperature design. (2) This document applies to steel structures required to fulfil a loadbearing function. (3) This document does not include rules for separating function. (4) This document gives principles and application rules for the design of structures for specified requirements in respect of the aforementioned function and the levels of performance. (5) This document applies to structures, or parts of structures, that are within the scope of EN 1993 1 1 and are designed accordingly. (6) This document is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1991-1-2, EN 1993-1-1, EN 1993 1-3, EN 1993-1-4, EN 1993-1-5, EN 1993-1-6, EN 1993-1-7, EN 1993-1-8, EN 1993-1-11, EN 1993-1-13 or EN 1993-1-14. 1.2 Assumptions (1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991(all parts) and EN 1993-1-1 apply. (2) The design methods given in prEN 1993-1-2 are applicable if - the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090-2 and/or EN 1090-4, and - the construction materials and products used are as specified in prEN 1993-1-1:2020, Table 5.1 and Table 5.2 and in prEN 1993-1-3:2022, Table 5.1 and Table 5.2, or in the relevant material and product specifications. (3) In addition to the general assumptions of EN 1990 the following assumptions apply: - the choice of the relevant design fire scenario is made by appropriate qualified and experienced personnel, or is given by the relevant national regulation; - any fire protection measure taken into account in the design will be adequately maintained.

This document provides guidance and, where appropriate, defines procedures for variations of certain parameters and factors associated with the design of lightweight partition walls, which have been tested in accordance with EN 1364-1, and classified according to EN 13501-2. This document only applies to non-loadbearing lightweight partition walls which have been tested (= reference test) with a single steel framework, provided with a lining on both sides of the steel framework. The lightweight partition wall cavity can be insulated or not with a mineral wool. This document does not apply to any other types of non-loadbearing lightweight partition walls considered in EN 1364-1.

1.1 Scope of EN 1995-1-3

(1) EN 1995-1-3 gives general design rules for timber-concrete composite structures.

(2) EN 1995-1-3 provides provisions for materials, design parameters, connections, detailing and execution for timber-concrete composite structures. Recommendations for environmental parameters (temperature and moisture content), design methods and test methods are given in the annexes.

(3) EN 1995-1-3 includes rules common to many types of timber-concrete composite but does not include details for the design of glued timber-concrete composites, nor for bridges.

NOTE For the design of glued timber-concrete composites or bridges alternative references are available.

(4) EN 1995-1-3 covers the design of timber-concrete composite structures in both quasi-constant and variable environmental conditions. For ease of use, it provides simple design rules for quasi-constant environmental conditions and more complex rules for variable environmental conditions.

(1) The basis for the design of building and civil engineering works in masonry is given in this Part 1-1 of EN 1996, which deals with unreinforced masonry, reinforced masonry and confined masonry. Principles for the design of prestressed masonry are also given. This Part 1-1 of EN 1996 is not valid for masonry elements with a plan area of less than 0,04 m2. (2) For those types of structures not covered entirely, for new structural uses for established materials, for new materials, or where actions and other influences outside normal experience have to be resisted, the provisions given in this Part 1-1 of EN 1996 may be applicable, but may need to be supplemented. (3) Part 1-1 of EN 1996 gives detailed rules which are mainly applicable to ordinary buildings. The applicability of these rules may be limited, for practical reasons or due to simplifications; any limits of applicability are given in the text where necessary. (4) Part 1-1 of EN 1996 does not cover: - resistance to fire (which is dealt with in EN 1996-1-2); - particular aspects of special types of building (for example, dynamic effects on tall buildings); - particular aspects of special types of civil engineering works (such as masonry bridges, dams, chimneys or liquid-retaining structures); - particular aspects of special types of structures (such as arches or domes); - masonry where gypsum, with or without cement, mortars are used; - masonry where the units are not laid in a regular pattern of courses (rubble masonry); - masonry reinforced with other materials than steel.

1.1 Scope of prEN 1996-1-2 (1) This document gives rules for the design of masonry structures for the accidental situation of fire exposure. This document only identifies differences from, or supplements to, normal temperature design. (2) This document applies to structures, or parts of structures, that are within the scope of EN 1996-1-1 or EN 1996-3 and are designed accordingly. (3) This document gives rules for the design of structures for specified requirements in respect of the aforementioned functions and the levels of performance. (5) This document does not cover masonry built with natural stone units according to EN 771-6. (6) This document deals with: - non-loadbearing internal walls; - non-loadbearing external walls; - loadbearing internal walls with separating or non-separating functions; - loadbearing external walls with separating or non-separating functions. 1.2 Assumptions (1) The assumptions of EN 1990 and EN 1996-1-1 apply to this document. (2) This document is intended to be used together with EN 1990, EN 1991-1-2, EN 1996-1-1, EN 1996 2 and EN 1996-3. (3) In addition to the general assumptions of EN 1990 and EN 1996-1-1, the following assumptions apply: - the choice of the relevant design fire scenario is made by appropriate qualified and experienced personnel, or is given by the relevant national regulation; - any fire protection measure taken into account in the design will be adequately maintained.

(1) This document gives basic rules for the selection of materials and execution of masonry to enable it to comply with the design assumptions of the other parts of Eurocode 6. (2) This document deals with ordinary aspects of masonry design and execution including: - selection of masonry materials; - factors affecting the performance and durability of masonry; - masonry detailing, joint finishes, movement joints, resistance of buildings to moisture penetration; - storage, preparation and use of materials on site; - execution of masonry; - masonry protection during execution; (3) This document does not cover the following items: - aesthetic aspects; - applied finishes; 1.2 Assumptions (1) The assumptions of EN 1990 apply to this document. (2) This document is intended to be used together with EN 1990, EN 1991, EN 1996 1-1, EN 1996-1-2 and EN 1996-3. (3) The design of masonry is carried out in accordance with EN 1996 1 1.

1.1 Scope of EN 1996-3 (1) This document provides simplified calculation methods to facilitate the design of the following unreinforced masonry walls, subject to certain conditions of application: - walls subjected to vertical and wind loading; - walls subjected to concentrated loads; - shear walls; - basement walls subjected to lateral earth pressure and vertical loading; - walls subjected to lateral loading but not subjected to vertical loading. NOTE 1 For those types of masonry structures or parts of structures not covered by (1), the design can be based on EN 1996-1-1. NOTE 2 The rules given in this document are consistent with those given in EN 1996-1-1 but are more conservative in respect of the conditions and limitations of their use. (2) This document applies only to those masonry structures, or parts thereof, that are described in EN 1996-1-1 and EN 1996-2. (3) The simplified calculation methods given in this document do not cover the design of double-leaf walls. (4) The simplified calculation methods given in this document do not cover the design for accidental situations. 1.2 Assumptions (1) The assumptions of EN 1990 apply to this document. (2) This document is intended to be used, for direct application, together with EN 1990, the EN 1991 series, EN 1996 1-1, EN 1996-1-2 and EN 1996-2. (3) The rules given in this document assume that concrete floors are designed according to EN 1992-1-1.

This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the resistance to flow of sealants, by loss of cohesion under their own weight. These sealants are used in joints in vertical surfaces in building construction.

This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the elastic recovery of sealants after maintained extension.

This document specifies requirements and gives recommendations for 8 classes of well cements, including their chemical and physical requirements and procedures for physical testing. This part of ISO 10426 is applicable to well cement classes A, B, C and D, which are the products obtained by grinding Portland cement clinker and, if needed, calcium sulfate as an interground additive. Processing additives can be used in the manufacture of cement of these classes. Suitable set-modifying agents can be interground or blended during manufacture of class D cement. This part of ISO 10426 is also applicable to well cement classes G and H, which are the products obtained by grinding clinker with no additives other than one or more forms of calcium sulfate, water or chemical additives as required for chromium (VI) reduction. This part of ISO 10426 is also applicable to composite well cements classes K and L, which are the products obtained by intergrinding Portland cement clinker and one or more forms of CaSO4 with specified composite constituents, or by subsequent blending of separately produced Portland cement with separately processed specified composite constituents. This document is a supplement to API Spec 10A 25th edition (2019) and its Addendum 1 (November 2019) and Addendum 2 (August 2022), the requirements of which are applicable with the exceptions specified in this document.

This document specifies a general method of using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) for measuring the rheological properties of bituminous binders. The procedure involves determining the complex shear modulus and phase angle of binders over a range of test frequencies and test temperatures when tested in oscillatory shear. From the test, the complex shear modulus, |G*|, and its phase angle, δ, at a given temperature and frequency are calculated, as well as the components G' and G" of the complex shear modulus. This method is applicable to un-aged, aged, stabilized and recovered bituminous binders. The test procedure in accordance with this document is not applicable for bituminous binders with particles larger than 250 μm (e.g. filler material, granulated rubber). WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document specifies the Binder Fast Characterization Test (for short: BTSV test, German: Bitumen-Typisierungs-Schnell-Verfahren). The test is conducted using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). It is used to characterize bitumen and bituminous binders and to assess the deformation behaviour at high service temperatures. The test procedure described in this document covers the testing of paving grade bitumen or modified bitumen, as fresh (unused) binders, as well as binders after laboratory ageing conditioning (e.g. EN 12607-1, EN 14769), and also binders that have been recovered from asphalt mixtures. The test procedure in accordance with this document is not applicable for bituminous binders with particles larger than 250 μm (e.g. filler material, granulated rubber). NOTE The test procedure has not been applied on bituminous binders recovered from bitumen emulsions yet. The test determines the temperature and the associated phase angle at which a bituminous binder exhibits a defined complex shear modulus in stress-controlled oscillation mode at constant frequency and with continuous increase of the test temperature. WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure that regulatory requirements are fulfilled prior to application of this document. This document involves handling of apparatus and binders at very high temperatures. Always wear protective gloves and eyewear when handling hot binders, and avoid contact with any exposed, unprotected skin.