Byggnadsmaterial

This document specifies principles and testing procedures for determining, by means of the guarded hot plate or heat flow meter methods, the thermal resistance of test specimens either in the dry state or conditioned to equilibrium with moist air, having a thermal resistance of not less than 0,1 m2·K/W and a (hygro)thermal transmissivity or thermal conductivity up to 2,0 W/(m·K). NOTE The lower limit for measurable thermal resistance is due to the effect of contact thermal resistances, which require special testing techniques described in this document. Although this document can be used for testing dry specimens of high and medium thermal resistance, i.e. on products having a thermal resistance, that is, on products with a thermal resistance of at least 0.5 m².K/W, the simpler procedures of EN 12667[3] are available for such specimen. This document does not cover methods to assess the hygrothermal transmissivity of materials in the over-hygroscopic range (i.e. when free liquid water occurs in the material in general above 95% of moisture). It applies in principle to any mean test temperature, but the equipment design in Annex D is essentially intended to operate between a minimum cooling unit temperature of -100 °C and maximum heating unit temperature of +100 °C. This document does not supply general guidance and background information (e.g. the heat transfer property to be reported, product-dependent specimen preparations, suggested materials for vapour-tight envelopes when testing moist specimens, procedures requiring multiple measurements, such as those to assess the effect of specimen non-homogeneities, those to test specimens whose thickness exceeds the apparatus capabilities, and those to assess the relevance of the thickness effect).

This document specifies principles and testing procedures for determining, by means of the guarded hot plate or heat flow meter methods, the thermal resistance of dry test specimens having a thermal resistance of not less than 0,5 m2·K/W. NOTE 1 The above limit is due to the effect of contact thermal resistances. An upper limit for measurable thermal resistance depends upon a number of factors described in this document, but a unique figure cannot be assigned. It applies in principle to any mean test temperature, but the equipment design in Annex D is essentially intended to operate between a minimum cooling unit temperature of -100 °C and maximum heating unit temperature of +100 °C. NOTE 2 Limits to the mean test temperature are only imposed by the materials used in the apparatus construction and by ancillary equipment. This document does not supply general guidance and background information (e.g. the heat transfer property to be reported, product-dependent specimen preparations, procedures requiring multiple measurements, such as those to assess the effect of specimen non-homogeneities, those to test specimens whose thickness exceeds the apparatus capabilities, and those to assess the relevance of the thickness effect). This document does not apply to cover measurements on moist products of any thermal resistance or measurements on thick products of high and medium thermal resistance.

This document specifies procedures to determine the thermal resistance of products whose thicknesses exceed the maximum thickness for guarded hot plate or heat flow meter apparatus. Most of the procedures described in this standard require apparatus that allows tests on specimens up to 100 mm thick . This document gives guidelines to assess the relevance of the thickness effect, i.e. to establish whether the thermal resistance of a thick product can or cannot be calculated as the sum of the thermal resistances of slices cut from the product, these guidelines complement the indications given in ISO 8302:1991[1] on the guarded hot plate apparatus. This document describes testing conditions which prevent the onset of convection which could take place in some products under the considered temperature differences and thicknesses.

This document specifies the method for the determination of the water-soluble chromium (VI) content of cement. A reference method is described consisting of two stages, an extraction procedure and an analysis of the filtered extract. Guidance on other extraction procedures, suitable for screening tests, for factory production control or other purposes, is given but in case of dispute or failure to comply with a regulatory limit only the reference method is used. The reference method has alternatives whereby the filtered extract can be subjected to an oxidation step or not. The criteria by which the appropriate procedure is selected are set down. Other instrumental procedures can be used for the analysis of the filtered extract provided they are calibrated against the analysis of the filtered extract using the reference procedure. In the case of a dispute, only the reference method is used. This document specifies, for the determination of water-soluble chromium (VI) in the filtered extract, the reference methods (colorimetric determination by diphenylcarbazide in acidic conditions) and another method for the determination of total water-soluble chromium (by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, ICP-OES). The ICP-OES determines the total chromium content independently of the chemical species, i.e. whether it is present as chromium (III) or chromium (VI), for example. Experience has demonstrated that soluble chromium (VI) is predominantly present during the processing phase, such that, in most cases, the determination of total water-soluble chromium effectively reflects the chromium (VI) content. The water-soluble chromium (VI) content of cement can therefore be assessed conservatively using the method based on ICP-OES described in this document. In the case of a dispute, only the reference methods are used. This document specifies a method that applies to cements. NOTE 1 Annex A provides guidance on the possible application of this document to the determination of the water-soluble chromium (VI) content of cement-containing preparations. NOTE 2 Annexes B and C provide information on other test procedures based on paste extraction and thus depart from the performance of cement in its normal conditions of use. They can be carried out with or without the oxidation process. It is important that users are aware that results using these methods might be significantly different to those obtained by the reference method. In the case of dispute or failure to comply with the regulatory limit, only the reference method is used. NOTE 3 Annex D provides guidance on a method for determination of the excess reducing agent content of cement as used in the factory internal control system of some countries. It is important that manufacturers using such an internal control method ensure themselves of the relevance of results in comparison with testing by the reference method.

This document specifies the scheme for the assessment of conformity with the regulatory limit for water-soluble hexavalent chromium. This document provides technical rules for factory production control, including autocontrol testing of samples, and for assessment of factory production control. It also provides rules for actions to be followed in the event of non-compliance with the procedure set in place, or that of exceeding the limit of water-soluble hexavalent chromium, hereafter to be referred to as “water-soluble chromium (VI)”. This document applies to all cements within the meaning of the term “cement”.

I detta dokument anges krav på på kemiska och fysiska egenskaper samt utvärdering av överensstämmelse för artificiella puzzolaner. Material enligt detta dokument är är avsedda att användas som tillsatsmaterial typ II i betong enligt SS-EN 206:2013+A2:2021 [1] och SS 137003 [2].

This document specifies a method of determining the carbonation rate of a concrete, expressed in mm/√a. This document establishes a procedure where a standardized climate controlled chamber is used and where specimens are placed on a natural exposure site protected from direct rainfall. The standardized climate controlled chamber procedure is the reference method. These procedures are applicable for the initial testing of concrete, including those manufactured with slowly reacting binders, provided that the ages at which the carbonation depth is measured, the number of measurements required to calculate the carbonation rate, as well as the length of exposure to CO2, are appropriately selected, as described in this document. These procedures are not applicable for factory production control.

This document describes a method for determining the unidirectional apparent chloride diffusion coefficient and surface concentration of conditioned specimens of hardened concrete. The test method enables the determination of the chloride penetration after a specified length of curing and length of exposure to NaCl solution. Since resistance to chloride penetration depends on ageing which includes the effects of continual hydration and interactions with the chloride solution, then the apparent diffusion coefficient also changes with age. A procedure to determine this ageing, expressed here by an ageing exponent, is included in this document and described in Annex A. The test procedure does not apply to concrete with surface treatments such as silanes and it does not apply to concrete containing fibres (see E.1).

This document describes a method for evaluating the carbonation resistance of concrete using test conditions that accelerate carbonation. After a defined period of curing and a period of preconditioning, the test is carried out under controlled exposure conditions using an increased level of carbon dioxide. NOTE The test performed under reference conditions takes a minimum of 112 days comprising a minimum age of the specimen prior to curing under water of 28 days, a minimum preconditioning period of 14 days and an exposure period to increased carbon dioxide level of 70 days. This procedure is not a method for the determination of carbonation depths in existing concrete structures.

This document is applicable for the determination of the point thermal transmittance χ of one anchor for different insulation thicknesses. It is based on the calculation of the standards EN ISO 10211 and EN ISO 6946. This document has been drafted for applications in buildings, but can also be used in other areas where it is relevant.