Plast

1.1 This part of ISO 19062 specifies the methods of preparation of test specimens and the test methods to be used in determining the properties of ABS moulding and extrusion materials. Requirements for handling test material and for conditioning both the test material before moulding and the specimens before testing are given here.

1.2 Procedures and conditions for the preparation of test specimens and procedures for measuring properties of the materials from which these specimens are made are given. Properties and test methods which are suitable and necessary to characterize ABS moulding and extrusion materials are listed.

1.3 The properties have been selected from the general test methods in ISO 10350-1. Other test methods in wide use for, or of particular significance to, these moulding and extrusion materials are also included in this part of ISO 19062, as are the designatory properties specified in Part 1.

1.4 In order to obtain reproducible and comparable test results, it is necessary to use the methods of specimen preparation and conditioning, the specimen dimensions and the test procedures specified herein. Values determined will not necessarily be identical

1.1 This part of ISO 19065 specifies the methods of preparation of test specimens and the test methods to be used in determining the properties of acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate (ASA), acrylonitrile-(ethylene-propylenediene)-styrene (AEPDS) and acrylonitrile-(chlorinated polyethylene)-styrene (ACS) moulding and extrusion materials. Requirements for handling test material and for conditioning both the test material before moulding and the specimens before testing are given here.

1.2 Procedures and conditions for the preparation of test specimens and procedures for measuring properties of the materials from which these specimens are made are given. Properties and test methods which are suitable and necessary to characterize ABA, AEPDS AND ACS moulding and extrusion materials are listed.

1.3 The properties have been selected from the general test methods in ISO 10350-1. Other test methods in wide use for, or of particular significance to, these moulding and extrusion materials are also included in this part of ISO 19065, as are the designatory properties specified in Part 1.

1.4 In order to obtain reproducible and comparable test results, it is necessary to use the methods of specimen preparation and conditioning, the specimen dimensions and the test procedures specified herein. Values determined will not necessarily be identical

1.1 This part of ISO 21306 establishes a system of designation for unplasticized PVC thermoplastic material which may be used as the basis for specifications.

1.2 The types of PVC-U plastics are differentiated from each other by a classification system based on appropriate levels of the designatory properties

a) Vicat softening temperature

b) impact strength (Charpy notched)

c) modulus of elasticity

and on information about basic polymer parameters, intended application and/or method of processing, important properties, additives, colorants, fillers and reinforcing materials.

1.3 This part of ISO 21306 is applicable to all unplasticized compositions of homopolymers and copolymers that contain at least 50 % (m/m) of vinyl chloride. It is also applicable to compositions containing chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) and to compositions containing blends of one or more of the above-mentioned polymers, provided that the total amount of these polymers represents at least 50 % (m/m) of the polymer content of the composition.

It applies to materials ready for normal use in the form of powder, granules or pellets and to materials unmodified or modified by colorants, additives, fillers, etc.

This part of ISO 21306 does not apply to cellular plastics.

1.4 It is not intended to imply that materials having the same designation give necessarily the same performance. This part of ISO 21306 does not provide engineering data, performance data or data on processing conditions which may be required to specify a material for a particular application and/or method or processing.

If such additional properties are required, they may be determined in accordance with the test methods specified in part 2 of this International Standard, if suitable.

1.5 In order to specify a thermoplastic material for a particular application or to ensure reproducible processing, additional requirements may be given in data block 5 (see 4.1).

This European Standard specifies the vocabulary, methods for characterization, and templates for reporting about bio-based polymers, plastics, and plastic products (including semi-finished plastic products and composites).

In particular this European Standard covers: terminology, bio-based content, bio-based carbon content, Life Cycle Assessment, sustainability aspects, and declaration tools.

Biocompatible polymers and plastics for medical applications covered by specific provisions are out of the scope of this European Standard.

This document specifies a method for determining the resistance to slow crack growth (SCG) of polyethylene (PE) materials in a defined test environment. The test is carried out on notched test specimens machined from moulded sheets / specimens or from finished products. The test specimen is subjected to a static tensile load when immersed into an environment such as surfactant solution held at a specified temperature. The time to failure is measured.

The method has specifically been developed for polyethylene materials but can also be used to evaluate PE products, such as pipes, fusion welds/fittings. The method is also suitable for blow moulded PE containers to study the effect of aggressive environment, i.e. dangerous goods and chemicals. The method may also be adopted for other thermoplastic materials, e.g. polypropylene (PP).

The method is suited to the use of test specimens moulded to chosen dimensions or machined from compression moulded sheets or injection moulded specimens, or from finished products, such as mouldings and pipes. When the test specimens are machined from extruded parts, it shall be taken into account that the results may be affected not only by properties of the material, but also by stresses or orientation introduced in during processing.

The various parts of ISO 6721 specify methods for the determination of the dynamic mechanical properties of rigid plastics within the region of linear viscoelastic behaviour. This part of ISO 6721 is an introductory section which includes the definitions and all aspects that are common to the individual test methods described in the subsequent parts.

Different deformation modes may produce results that are not directly comparable. For example, tensile vibration results in a stress which is uniform across the whole thickness of the specimen, whereas flexural measurements are influenced preferentially by the properties of the surface regions of the specimen.

Values derived from flexural-test data will be comparable to those derived from tensile-test data only at strain levels where the stress-strain relationship is linear and for specimens which have a homogeneous structure.

This part of ISO 6721 specifies two methods (A and B) for determining the linear dynamic mechanical properties of plastics, i.e. the storage and loss components of the torsional modulus, as a function of temperature, for small deformations within the frequency range from 0,1 Hz to 10 Hz.

NOTE The temperature dependence of these properties, measured over a sufficiently broad range of temperatures (for example from −50 °C to +150 °C for most commercially available plastics), gives information on the transition regions (for example the glass transition and the melting transition) of the polymer. It also provides information concerning the onset of plastic flow.

The two methods described are not applicable to non-symmetrical laminates (see ISO 6721-3, Plastics — Determination of dynamic mechanical properties — Part 3: Flexural vibration — Resonance-curve method). The methods are not suitable for testing rubbers, for which the user is referred to ISO 4664-2, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of dynamic properties — Part 2: Torsion pendulum methods at low frequencies.

This part of ISO 6721 describes a forced, non-resonance method for determining the components of the tensile complex modulus E* of polymers at frequencies typically in the range 0,01 Hz to 100 Hz.

NOTE Higher frequency measurements can be made, but significant errors may be obtained in the dynamic properties measured (see 10.2.2 and 10.2.3).

The method is suitable for measuring dynamic storage moduli in the range 0,01 GPa to 5 GPa. Although materials with moduli outside this range may be studied, alternative modes of deformation should yield higher accuracy [i.e. a shear mode for G′ < 0,01 GPa (see ISO 6721-6) and a flexural mode for E′ > 5 GPa (see ISO 6721-3 or ISO 6721-5)].

This method is particularly suited to the measurement of loss factors bigger than 0,02 and may therefore be conveniently used to study the variation of dynamic properties with temperature and frequency through most of the glass-rubber relaxation region (see ISO 6721-1). The availability of data determined over wide ranges of both frequency and temperature enables master plots to be derived, using frequencytemperature shift procedures, which display dynamic properties over an extended frequency range at different temperatures.

This part of ISO 6721 describes a flexural, non-resonance method for determining the components of the flexural complex modulus Ef* of polymers at frequencies typically in the range 0,01 Hz to 100 Hz. Higherfrequency measurements can be made, but significant errors may be obtained in the dynamic properties measured (see 10.2.2 and 10.2.3). The method is suitable for measuring dynamic storage moduli in the range 10 MPa to 200 GPa.

NOTE Although materials with moduli less than 10 MPa may be studied, more accurate measurements of their dynamic-mechanical properties can be made using shear modes of deformation (see ISO 6721-6).

This method is particularly suited to the measurement of loss factors greater than 0,02 and may therefore be conveniently used to study the variation of dynamic properties with temperature and frequency through most of the glass-rubber relaxation region (see ISO 6721-1). The availability of data determined over wide ranges of both frequency and temperature enables master plots to be derived, using frequency/temperature shift procedures, which present dynamic properties over an extended frequency range at different temperatures.

This part of ISO 6721 describes a forced, non-resonance method for determining the components of the shear complex modulus G* of polymers at frequencies typically in the range 0,01 Hz to 100 Hz. Higherfrequency measurements can be made, but significant errors may be obtained in the dynamic properties measured (see 10.2.2 and 10.2.3). The method is suitable for measuring dynamic storage moduli in the range 0,1 MPa to 50 MPa.

NOTE Although materials with moduli greater than 50 MPa may be studied, more accurate measurements of their dynamic shear properties can be made using a torsional mode of deformation (see parts 2 and 7 of ISO 6721).

This method is particularly suited to the measurement of loss factors greater than 0,02 and may therefore be conveniently used to study the variation of dynamic properties with temperature and frequency through most of the glass-rubber relaxation region (see ISO 6721-1). The availability of data determined over wide ranges of both frequency and temperature enables master plots to be derived, using frequency/temperature shift procedures, which display dynamic properties over an extended frequency range at different temperatures.

This part of ISO 6721 describes a torsional, non-resonance method for determining the components of the shear complex modulus G* of solid polymers in the form of bars or rods at frequencies typically in the range 0,001 Hz to 100 Hz. Higher-frequency measurements can be made, but significant errors may be obtained in the dynamic properties measured (see 10.2.1 and 10.2.2). The method is suitable for measuring dynamic storage moduli ranging from about 10 MPa, which is typical of values obtained for stiff rubbers, to values of about 10 GPa which are representative of fibre-reinforced plastics. Although materials with moduli less than 10 MPa may be studied, more accurate measurements of their dynamic properties can be made using simple shear (see ISO 6721-6) or torsional deformations of thin layers between parallel plates.

This method is particularly suited to the measurement of loss factors greater than 0,02 and may therefore be conveniently used to study the variation of dynamic properties with temperature and frequency through most of the glass-rubber relaxation region (see ISO 6721-1). The availability of data determined over wide ranges of both frequency and temperature enable master plots to be derived, using frequencytemperature shift procedures, which display dynamic properties over an extended frequency range at different temperatures.

NOTE Although loss factors below 0,1 may be more accurately determined using the torsion pendulum (see ISO 6721-2), the method described in this part of ISO 6721 enables a much wider and continuous frequency range to be covered.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the penetration temperature of thermoplastics using thermomechanical analysis.

NOTE This method can also be used to measure the softening point.

This part of ISO CD21302 specifies the methods of preparation of test specimens and the test methods to be used in determining the properties of polybutene-1 (PB-1) moulding and extrusion materials. For the sake of simplicity, the designation polybutene-1 and the abbreviation PB-1 are used in both parts of ISO CD21302. Requirements for handling test material and for conditioning both the test material before moulding and the specimens before testing are also specified.

Procedures and conditions for the preparation of test specimens and procedures for measuring properties of the materials from which these specimens are made are given. Properties and test methods which are suitable and necessary to characterize PB moulding and extrusion materials are listed.

The properties have been selected from the general test methods in ISO 10350-1. Other test methods in wide use for or of particular significance to these moulding and extrusion materials are also included in this part of ISO CD21302, as is the designatory property specified in Part 1.

In order to obtain reproducible and comparable test results, it is necessary to use the methods of specimen preparation and conditioning, the specimen dimensions and the test procedures specified herein. Values determined will not necessarily be identical to those obtained using specimens of different dimensions or prepared using different procedures.

1.1 This part of ISO CD21302 establishes a system of designation for polybutene-1 (PB-1) thermoplastic materials which may be used as the basis for specifications. For the sake of simplicity, the designation polybutene and the abbreviation PB are used in both parts of ISO CD21302-1.

1.2 The types of polybutene plastics are differentiated from each other by a classification system based on appropriate levels of the designatory property melt volume-flow rate and on information about basic polymer parameters, intended application and/or method of processing, important properties, additives, colorants, fillers and reinforcing materials.

1.3 This part of ISO CD21302 is applicable to all butene homopolymers and to copolymers of butene with a maximum content of other 1-olefinic monomers of less than 50 % [mass fraction] and with a content of non-olefinic monomers with functional groups up to a maximum of 3 % [mass fraction].

It applies to materials ready for normal use in the form of powder, granules or pellets, unmodified or modified by colorants, additives, fillers, etc.

1.4 It is not intended to imply that materials having the same designation give necessarily the same performance. This part of ISO CD21302 does not provide engineering data, performance data or data on processing conditions which may be required to specify a material for a particular application and/or method of processing.

If such additional properties are required, they shall be determined in accordance with the test methods specified in ISO CD21302-2, if suitable.

1.5 In order to specify a thermoplastic material for a particular application or to ensure reproducible processing, additional requirements may be given in data block 5 (see 3.1).

This document specifies the general principles of a method, using an inclined-tube falling-ball viscometer, for determining the viscosity of polymers and resins in the liquid emulsified or dispersed state. It is intended for application to liquids over a viscosity measurement range of 0,6 mPa·s to 250 000 mPa s (temperature range −20 °C to +120 °C) for which the shear stress and shear rate are proportional, i.e. the viscosity is independent of the shear rate. This ideal behaviour is commonly known as Newtonian behaviour. If a liquid differs significantly from this behaviour, different results can be obtained with the different balls of a falling-ball viscometer or from viscometers with different geometries, such as capillary and rotational viscometers.

This International Standard specifies methods for determining the deterioration of plastics due to the action of fungi and bacteria and soil microorganisms. The aim is not to determine the biodegradability of plastics.

The type and extent of deterioration may be determined by

a) visual examination

and/or

b) changes in mass

and/or

c) changes in other physical properties.

The tests are applicable to all plastics that have an even surface and that can thus be easily cleaned. The exceptions are porous materials, such as plastic foams.

This International Standard uses the same test fungi as IEC 60068-2-10. The IEC-method, which uses so-called "assembled specimens", calls for inoculation of the specimens with a spore suspension, incubation of the inoculated specimens and assessment of the fungal growth as well as any physical attack on the specimens.

The volume of testing and the test strains used will depend on the application envisaged for the plastic. These parameters should therefore be agreed upon before the tests and should be stated in the test report.

This document specifies three methods for the determination of the density of non-cellular plastics in the form of void-free moulded or extruded objects, as well as powders, flakes and granules.

— Method A: Immersion method, for solid plastics (except for powders) in void-free form.

— Method B: Liquid pyknometer method, for particles, powders, flakes, granules or small pieces of finished parts.

— Method C: Titration method, for plastics in any void-free form.

NOTE This document is applicable to pellets as long as they are void-free. Density is frequently used to follow variations in physical structure or composition of plastic materials. Density might also be useful in assessing the uniformity of samples or specimens. Often, the density of plastic materials will depend upon the choice of specimen preparation method. When this is the case, precise details of the specimen preparation method will have to be included in the appropriate material specification. This note is applicable to all three methods.

This document specifies a gradient column method for the determination of the density of non-cellular moulded or extruded plastics in void-free form. Density gradient columns are columns containing a mixture of two liquids, the density in the column increasing uniformly from top to bottom.

NOTE This document is applicable to pellets as long as they are void-free. Density is frequently used to follow variations in physical structure or composition of plastic materials. Density may also be useful in assessing the uniformity of samples or specimens. Often the density of plastic materials will depend upon the choice of specimen preparation method. When this is the case, precise details of the specimen preparation method will have to be included in the appropriate material specification.

This International Standard is used to determine the degree of disintegration of plastic materials in a pilot-scale aerobic composting test under defined conditions. It forms part of an overall scheme for the evaluation of the compostability of plastics as outlined in ISO 17088. The test method laid down in this International Standard can also be used to determine the influence of the test material on the composting process and the quality of the compost obtained. It cannot be used to determine the aerobic biodegradability of a test material. Other methods are available for this (e.g. see ISO 14851, ISO 14852 or ISO 14855-1 and ISO 14855-2.

This International Standard specifies proper methods for measuring antiviral activity on plastics and other non-porous surfaces of antiviral-treated products.

Test Viruses used in this International Standard are as follows:

— Influenza: An enveloped virus known to cause respiratory tract infection in humans.

— Feline calicivirus: A non-enveloped virus used in place of noroviruses known to cause enteric pathogens due to similar biological properties.