Plast

This document specifies a method for determining the non-volatile-matter content by mass of paints, varnishes, binders for paints and varnishes, polymer dispersions and condensation resins such as phenolic resins (resols, novolak solutions etc.).

The method is also applicable to formulated dispersions containing fillers, pigments and other auxiliaries (e.g. thickeners, film-forming agents). For the method to be usable for unplasticized polymer dispersions and rubber lattices, the non-volatile residue (which consists essentially of the polymeric material and of small quantities of auxiliaries such as emulsifiers, protective colloids, stabilizers, solvents added as film-forming agents and – especially for rubber latex concentrate – preserving agents) has to be chemically stable under the test conditions. For plasticized samples, the residue, by definition, normally includes the plasticizer.

NOTE 1 The non-volatile-matter content of a product is not an absolute quantity but depends upon the temperature and period of heating used for the determination. Consequently, when using this method, only relative and not true values for non-volatile-matter content are obtained owing to solvent retention, thermal decomposition and evaporation of low molecular mass constituents. The method is therefore primarily intended for testing different batches of the same type of product.

NOTE 2 This method is suitable for synthetic rubber latices provided heating for a specific period of time is considered appropriate (ISO 124 specifies heating until the loss in mass of a 2 g test portion following successive periods of heating is less than 0,5 mg).

NOTE 3 In-house methods for determining non-volatile matter often include drying with infrared or microwave radiation. Standardization of such methods is not possible, since they are not generally applicable. Several polymer compositions tend to decompose during such treatment and therefore give incorrect results.

ISO 3233 (all parts) specifies test methods for determining the volume of non-volatile matter in paints, varnishes and related products.

This document specifies the test method for the evaluation of abrasive wear resistance of plastics using abrasive paper on a reciprocating motion, and also specifies calculation method of specific wear rate on this test method as an evaluation item.

This International Standard is applicable to plastics materials, their parts, and their finished products.

1.1 This part of ISO 527 specifies the general principles for determining the tensile properties of plastics and plastic composites under defined conditions. Several different types of test specimen are defined to suit different types of material which are detailed in subsequent parts of ISO 527.

1.2 The methods are used to investigate the tensile behaviour of the test specimens and for determining the tensile strength, tensile modulus and other aspects of the tensile stress/strain relationship under the conditions defined.

1.3 The methods are selectively suitable for use with the following materials:

— rigid and semi-rigid (see 3.12 and 3.13, respectively) moulding, extrusion and cast thermoplastic materials, including filled and reinforced compounds in addition to unfilled types; rigid and semi-rigid thermoplastics sheets and films;

— rigid and semi-rigid thermosetting moulding materials, including filled and reinforced compounds; rigid and semi-rigid thermosetting sheets, including laminates;

— fibre-reinforced thermosets and thermoplastic composites incorporating unidirectional or non-unidirectional reinforcements, such as mat, woven fabrics, woven rovings, chopped strands, combination and hybrid reinforcement, rovings and milled fibres; sheet made from pre-impregnated materials (prepregs),

— thermotropic liquid crystal polymers.

The methods are not normally suitable for use with rigid cellular materials, for which ISO 1926 is used, or for sandwich structures containing cellular materials.

1.1 This part of ISO 179 specifies a method for determining Charpy impact properties of plastics from force-deflection diagrams. Different types of rod-shaped test specimens and test configurations, as well as test parameters depending on the type of material, the type of test specimen and the type of notch are defined in Part 1 of ISO 179.

Dynamic effects such as load-cell/striker resonance, test specimen resonance and initial-contact/inertia peaks are described (see Figure 1, Curve b, and Annex A).

1.2 ISO 179-1 is suitable for characterizing the impact behaviour by the impact strength only and for using apparatus whose potential energy is matched approximately to the particular energy to break to be measured (see ISO 13802, Annex E). This part of ISO 179 is used if a force-deflection or force-time diagram is necessary for detailed characterization of the impact behaviour, and for developing automatic apparatus, i.e. avoiding the need, mentioned above, to match energy.

1.3 For the range of materials which may be tested by this method, see ISO 179-1, Clause 1.

1.4 For the general comparability of test results, see ISO 179-1, Clause 1.

1.5 The method may not be used as a source of data for design calculations on components. However, the possible use of data is not the subject of this part of ISO 179. Any application of data obtained using this part of ISO 179 should be specified by a referring standard or agreed upon by the interested parties.

Information on the typical behaviour of materials can be obtained by testing at different temperatures, by varying the notch radius and/or specimen thickness and by testing specimens prepared under different conditions.

It is not the purpose of this part of ISO 179 to give an interpretation of the mechanism occurring at every point on the force-deflection diagram. These interpretations are a task for on-going scientific research.

1.6 The test results are comparable only if the conditions of test specimen preparation, as well as the test conditions, are the same. Comprehensive evaluation of the reaction to impact stress requires that determinations be made as a function of deformation rate and temperature for different material variables such as crystallinity and moisture content. The impact behaviour of finished products cannot, therefore, be predicted directly from this test, but test specimens may be taken from finished products for testing by this method.

1.7 Impact strengths determined by this method may replace those determined using ISO 179-1 if comparability has been established by previous tests.