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This document defines basic terminology and specifies principles and a methodology for safety in the design of machinery. It specifies principles of risk assessment and risk reduction to help designers in achieving this objective. These principles are based on knowledge and experience of the design, use, incidents, accidents and risks associated with machinery. Procedures are described for identifying hazards and estimating and evaluating risks during relevant phases of the machine life cycle, and for the elimination of hazards or the provision of adequate risk reduction. Guidance is given on the documentation and verification of the risk assessment and risk reduction process.

This document covers principal implications on machinery safety in case of implementation of artificial intelligence/machine learning, and vulnerability against cyber threats and data corruption regarding their impact on safety. It specifies generic measures to address both aspects.

Safety of machinery includes hygiene aspects.

This document is also intended to be used as a basis for the preparation of type-B or type-C safety standards.

It does neither cover risk nor damage, or both, to domestic animals, property or the environment.

NOTE 1 While this document refers to risks of harm to persons, the risk assessment process set out in this document can be equally effective in assessing other types of risks such as damage to domestic animals, property or the environment.

NOTE 2 Annex B gives, in separate tables, examples of hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events, in order to clarify these concepts and assist the designer in the process of hazard identification.

NOTE 3 The practical use of a number of methods for each stage of risk assessment is described in ISO/TR 14121-2.

NOTE 4 As used in this document, the designer of a machine can include the manufacturer, integrator, supplier, or the user in case of safety-relevant modifications.